Property and violent crime; a comparison of a8 migrants with uk Essay

Property and violent crime; a comparison of a8 migrants with uk citizens.investigate crime rates - Essay Example What if these facilities could miss out in a hall those students stays in what could happen? If such a scenario occurs, the students will therefore quit to be in that environment and look for a better place off campus where needs would be catered for. Westminster business school students have been raising opinions on the students living halls and comparing it to the private accommodation in central London. Tabling some of the opinions, advantages and disadvantages of the two students residing places came up in conjunction to the timing references and motivation factors. Therefore, in order to analyze their opinions they give on the advantages of living in both private and campus halls they came up with these: The students also enjoy the school facilities and are in an environment suitable for their studies with fewer distractions ("Why live in the residence halls? :: Residence Life and Student Housing | The University of New Mexico," n.d.). However, despite of the gainful advantages that the students encounter in these premises, there are also disadvantages that come along with them. For this instance, comparison of both private and university halls opinions give in to the presentation. In private apartments, not all are students and so it comes with greater responsibility of taking of one’s duties and bills and considering other people in the same place thus, lots of noise is minimal and other quire college behavior. In this instance, the private hall students are able to take responsibility at their own, which reflects in their future unlike students in university halls. Most of private apartments are costly hence students may share the rooms which comes with a sober decision making of who your friends are, and again these private goes all year round that means during summer break the student will need to pay for them. Transportation is also a student’s responsibility especially where it is not available it may get to some

How the leader can maintain high quality performance Research Proposal

How the leader can maintain high quality performance - Research Proposal Example In terms of leadership theories, leaders can help maintain high quality performance by applying the applicable leadership style depending on the situation, the characteristics and personalities of the followers and the organizational goals. According to Martires (2004), â€Å"morale boosting is related to productivity and is an important function of leadership. Studies show that high morale is accompanied by high productivity. Good leadership effects a positive correlation between morale and productivity† (133). Leaders must be able to design and institute a balanced system of rewards and control, to monitor the progress of their subordinates, to appraise their performance and to motivate them towards the accomplishment of clearly defined tasks. Leaders acknowledge that the benefits of motivating, developing and training their followers contribute to high performance and productivity. Not only should leaders work towards achieving organizational goals, but also the personal an d professional goals of their followers. By acknowledging that leaders are genuinely committed towards the holistic development of people, would they be able to ensure that a high quality of performance is adhered to at all times. Work Cited Martires, Concepcion R.

Raising self esteem Essay Example for Free

Raising self esteem Essay Introduction This paper explains briefly the research proposal which specifically focuses on the programs proven to be effective in raising self-esteem in at-risk youth. This research proposal includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, statement of hypothesis, the significance of this study and scope and limitation of the study. Background of the Study The extent to which youth are labeled at-risk varies according to different authorities from psychology, education, sociology, and other fields (Astroh, 1993). Some authorities maintain that all youth are born at high risk (Glenn Nelsen, 1988). Others estimate that one-quarter of 10-17 year olds are at-risk Dryfoos, 1990). In more recent development, the number of youth in their high-risk years who commit offenses will increase: by 2010, 10- to 14-year-old juvenile offenders are projected to increase by about 6 percent, while ages 15 to 19 are expected to increase nearly 20 percent Brown Sevcik, 1999). Effective at-risk youth programs begin with determining who are going to be served. It is through them that programs determine the kinds of designs that are most appropriate for at-risk youth and the policies needed to support an effective high performance youth training system. According to Astroh (1993), broad generalizations about youth can detract from targeted efforts to address real-not perceived-problems in local communities. The loose definition of at-risk youth refers to those youth most likely to fail in school and the labor market. Furthermore, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act adopted by Congress defines youth at risk as a youth at risk of educational failure or dropping out of school or involvement in delinquent activities (Brown Sevcik, 1999). More specifically, there are some methods in defining at-risk youth such as the Group Characteristics and the Skill Levels (Center for Human Resources, 1993). In the first method, at-risk population is defined in terms of demographic characteristics—having low income, being black or Hispanic, having dropped out of school, or receiving welfare. More recently, behavioral characteristics such as court-involvement, teen parenting and substance abuse have been identified as additional risk factors. At-risk youth, then, are frequently defined in terms of a list of characteristics, or combinations of characteristics (CHR, 1993). Many states depend exclusively on these kinds of demographic indicators to define the at-risk population, because of the strong research base (CHR, 1993). However, the major drawback to using only group characteristics is that when used in planning, they tend to mask the real skill issues that need to be addressed (CHR, 1993). The Skill Levels approach defines at-risk youth in terms of specific skill deficits or levels of employability; it focuses much more specifically on skills which can be matched up more directly with employer expectations (CHR, 1993). However, some practitioners argue that a purely skill-based definition fails to take into account important social and cultural barriers to Employment (CHR, 1993). To address this problem, CHR (1993) comes up with a hybrid definition. Here, one might define at-risk youth as those who are dropouts, or minorities, or teen parents and who lack specific educational and/or work skills. The purpose of a hybrid definition is to gain the advantages of the skill approach that is, targeting those with clearly specified employment skill needs while formally recognizing some of the social factors that exacerbate the risks of failure in the labor market (CHR, 1993). By including demographic and/or social characteristics, the hybrid approach may also make it easier for youth serving agencies to develop common definitions. To meet the needs of at-risk youth, the community needs to respond by developing intervention services for them that focus on building self-esteem, alternative leisure patterns, redirecting inappropriate lifestyles or behaviors, developing personal skills, assisting with pre-employment training, development of morals and values and enhancing the quality of life through positive recreation experiences (Brown Sevcik, 1999). According to the Association of African American Role Models (2003), one of most overlooked qualities missing in today’s at-risk youth is the building, maintaining, and utilizing self-esteem to achieve personal growth and success. Raising low self-esteem can be a difficult process but one that is surely successful with the intervention of an effective programempowering and counseling at-risk youth to visualize themselves as productive members of their communities (AAARM, 2003). Moreover, teaching self-esteem becomes a process that is continued by the at-risk youth themselves as their positive and productive attitudes permeate their interactions with those around them (AAARM, 2003). Brown and Sevcik (1999) state that recreational programs build self-esteem, self-discipline, commitment and teamwork. Moreover, Therapeutic recreation plays an important role in reaching at-risk youth (Brown Sevcik, 1999). Similarly, the 1992 Decima Report (1992) shows that through cultural alternatives, youth essential life skills including responsibility, self-esteem, cooperation, discipline and patience are built. Cultural activity builds self-discipline and perseverance in our youth; learning to play a musical instrument, rehearsing a play or executing a mosaic mural requires long hours of practice, focus and perseverance, all components of self-discipline, a trait that many at-risk youth are desperately lacking. (Americans for the Arts, 1997) In a more recent report by the Presidents Committee on the Arts and Humanities (1999), organized youth activities can deter risky behavior in adolescents; students who participate in band, orchestra, chorus or a school play are significantly less likely than non-participants to drop out of school, be arrested, use drugs or engage in binge drinking (SasCultre, 2003). Under this therapeutic recreational program, three methods of service are combined: Intervention, Diversion, and Prevention (Brown ; Sevcik, 1999). The program involves at-risk youth in a school-directed recreational program within the community, developing an awareness of and interest in opportunities available to them outside the school day; enables them to experience fun leisure activities; and to develop healthy friendships, good sportsmanship, mentoring with individuals within the community and healthy leisure interests (Brown ; Sevcik, 1999). With these premises, the researchers will conduct this study to find out and to ascertain the responses made by the Social Work Institutions towards the raising self-esteem in at risk youths. Statement of the Problem This researcher finds the necessity for a study that specifically tackles how successful programs are in raising at-risk youth’s self-esteem. This study intends to know why some programs fail. This proposed research study will try to answer the following queries: 1. What are the needs of at-risk youths in a program? 2. What are the factors that affect the success and effectiveness of a program in terms of raising self-esteem in at-risk youth? 3. What are the measures that should be done to improve a program? Hypothesis There is a significant difference in the raising of self-esteem of the at risk youths at ___________________ when grouped according to gender and age. Significance of the Study This study will be a significant endeavor in boosting self-esteem in at-risk youth. This study will be helpful to social workers this will serve as a guide for them when dealing with at-risk kids. By understanding the needs of these children, in terms of their self-esteem, and presenting the cause of failures of some programs, administrators will be able to design means in raising self-esteem. This could lead to the success of the program. Scope and Limitation This research study will only cover male and female at-risk youth who are currently under a program and whose ages range from 16 to 22. Thus, the programs that will be discussed in the entire study are from the Philippines, although, some programs from other countries might be briefly tackled. This study will only focus on the determination of what causes a program intended to raise self-esteem in at-risk youth, to succeed or to fail. Further, this study will operate based on its definition of at-risk youth. The outcome of this study will be limited only to the data gathered from sociology books and journals and from the primary data gathered from the result of the survey and interview that will be conducted by the researcher. The conclusion and recommendation will only apply to a program which specifically aims to boost self-esteem in at-risk youth. Its application to other sociological domain of helping at-risk youth will need further research. As stated above, this research will partially base its findings through quantitative research methods because this permits a flexible and iterative approach. During data gathering the choice and design of methods are constantly modified, based on ongoing analysis. This allows investigation of important new issues about raising self-esteem in at-risk youth within a Program and questions as they arise, and allows the investigator to drop unproductive areas of research from the original research plan. This study will also employ qualitative research method because it will attempt to find and build theories that will explain the relationship of one variable with another variable through qualitative elements in research. Through this method, qualitative elements that do not have standard measures such as behavior, attitudes, opinions, and beliefs within the restaurants will be analyzed. Furthermore qualitative research is multi-method in focus, involving an interpretative, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. The focus group discussion, on the other hand, will be conducted with the consent of the administrators. The secondary sources of data will come from published articles from Sociology journals, books and related studies on at-risk youth and programs intended to raise self-esteem in at-risk youth. For this research design, the researcher will gather data, collate published studies from different local and foreign universities and articles from social science journals; and make a content analysis of the collected documentary and verbal material. Afterwards, the researcher will summarize all the information, make a conclusion based on the null hypotheses posited and provide insightful recommendations on the dealing with organizational management. Definition of Terms For the clearer understanding Chapter 2 Review of related literature Several related literature and studies conducted locally and abroad gave great help to researchers. Some of these studies are similar to the present study in methodology but the researchers believed that because of differences in social setting by the study, the result would not be the same. Based on the data in â€Å"Improving the Self Esteem of At-risk Youth† (Levine, Majerovitz, Schnur, Robinson, and Soman, 2008), it describes and evaluate a program, RESOLVE, designed to increase self-esteem and encourage healthy lifestyle choices of at-risk youth. This federally-funded (U. S. Administration for Children and Families, CBAE) program combines an educational component teaching healthy lifestyles, goal setting, and refusal skills to avoid unhealthy behaviors with a vocational training and recreational component. The emphasis of this evaluation is to assess the impact of program participation on self-esteem and knowledge of healthy behaviors. Self-esteem was chosen as a target variable for intervention based on its central role in predicting mental health and well-being, as well as enhanced health and social behaviors (Mann, Hosman, Schaalma, and deVries, 2004). Strong family and community relationships are predictors of high self-esteem (Greene and Way, 2005). These relationships are disrupted for foster care youth, placing them at risk for low self-esteem. Low self-esteem and disruption in family and community relationships is associated with poor social and lifestyle choices. For example, lack of a father figure and low self-esteem are associated with higher risk of teen pregnancy among Jamaican youth (Keddie, 1992). Low self-esteem and disruption in family and community relationships is associated with poor social and lifestyle choices. For example, lack of a father figure and low self-esteem are associated with higher risk of teen pregnancy among Jamaican youth (Keddie, 1992). Adolescents who had lower self-esteem at baseline reported initiating sex earlier and having had risky partners (Ethier et al. , 2003). Peer group programs that increased self-esteem among youth with severe behavior problems from dysfunctional families helped to reduce problem behaviors (Frank, 1996). A number of programs designed to encourage healthy life choices among at-risk adolescents have been reported in the literature. The most successful programs combine traditionally-presented curriculum with opportunities for practical application outside the classroom. For example, the Teen Outreach Program (Allen, Philliber, and Hoggson, 1990) links volunteer work to classroom experience for at-risk youth. The program significantly reduced pregnancy and school drop-out rates among participants across a spectrum of ethnic groups. A similar program, the Quantum Opportunities Program (Hahn, Leavitt, and Aaron, 1994) offers education, mentoring, and volunteer service opportunities to disadvantaged youth. School drop-out rates and teen pregnancy decreased, while employment or further education increased. The Catalano and colleagues (2004) review on positive youth development (PYD) was commissioned by the US Department of Health ; Human Services, completed in 2002, and conducted by a team of researchers at the University of Washington (Catalano, et al. , 2004). The review ultimately included twenty-five program evaluations, and findings indicate promising results for strength-based programs serving youth and children. The review’s definition of PYD is very broad, including any intervention that meets at least one of fifteen constructs6; none of which stipulated involvement of young people in program decisions or design. The broad inclusion criteria for PYD programs coupled with a lack of predetermined outcomes largely explain why so many evaluations were included in the review. In contrast to the Catalano and colleagues review, the forthcoming review will focus on youth empowerment, reduce program heterogeneity, and minimize the chance of spurious conclusions due to a lack of predetermined outcomes. The Wallerstein (2006) review, conducted for the World Health Organization, was the only review identified by the authors that directly addressed empowerment strategies. The review explores empowerment broadly for all age groups and with an interest in health outcomes. Wallerstein gives a useful overview of various themes within the broader empowerment movement and gives a framework for empowerment that includes multiple levels of outcomes. The broad, international review of outcomes linked to empowerment offers valuable context for this protocol. The resulting framework includes a heavy emphasis on self-efficacy, community engagement, and social bonding, which reinforce their importance as outcomes of interest in the planned review.

Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine

Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine Chapter- 1 General Introduction 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction 1.1 Heterocycles in drug discovery Currently pharmaceutical manufacturing is facing many problems for research and development due to high costs and changeless existence of moieties in these days. According to research of human genome we got assumption that at least 1000 genes are involved in identified and non identified disease. For that research about 20,000 human genome had been decoded. Genetic science suggests that we have to develop 5,000-10,000 new drugs1.because these genes are linked with five and ten protein molecule. So we need to focus in development of low molecular weight drugs. The compounds must be containing specific pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, which can show the properties of drugs. In these days scientists have many techniques to speed up the drug discovery process, like combinatorial chemistry, microwave-assisted organic synthesis, and high- throughput purification2. Actually, it is very difficult to select moiety with less molecular weight because less than 500 atomic mass unit is 10200, of which only 1060 may possess drug-like properties The proportion is one part in 1057, or roughly the ratio of the mass of one proton to the mass of the sun! The issue is therefore the selection of new molecules from this vast universe that have the potential to be biologically active3.It is important to do research work on medicinal chemistry to synthesis the biologically active bicyclic aromatic heterocycles which should be easily available commercially too. Here is the list of available bicyclic heterocycles is mainly limited to well-known nitrogen containing compounds, such as quinazolines (1), indoles Chapter- 1 General Introduction 2 (2) and benzimidazoles (3). Esatlished examples of privileged substructures include benzodiazepines (4), coumarins (5), quinoxalines (6), benzofurans (7) and benzothiophenes (8)5. In order to improve the hit rate in HTS campaigns,. This library is very helpful to develop active compound in many variety of biological assays. So many scientists have utilized these structures in such a manner. For example, Nicolau K. C. et al. constructed a library based on the benzopyran (9) privileged scaffold6, whereas Schultz P. G. et al. made use of the purine (10) scaffold7. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 3 O (9) Benzopyran N N NH N (10) Purine The benzopyran and purine privileged scaffold 1.2 Nomenclature of the fused ring system As the following chapters deal with the synthesis of bicyclic fused ring systems, its nomenclature is herewith shortly reviewed. The nomenclature follows the following rules: (1) The individual components are named without any application of fused ring system. (2) The parent component is represented in the fusion name by citing it last in the name. The parent component is the one with highest priority according to the following criteria: (a) heterocyclic compounds contains elements in ring. (b) a component containing the larger ring. (c) there are so many atoms of elements in the ring. (d) a component containing the greater variety of heteroatoms. (3) The attached component is then added as a prefix to the parent component. In the name of the prefix, the terminal e is changed to o. (4) The bonds of the parent component are indicated by a, b, c†¦starting with the bond normally occupying the 1,2 positions. The atoms of the attached component are numbered as usual, following the order of numbers in the original heterocycle. (5) The numbering of the final condensed heterocycle is carried out independently, starting at an atom adjacent to a bridged-head atom, whereby heteroatoms receive the smallest possible number. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 4 1.3 Objective:- â€Å"Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3,4 tetra hydro pyrimidines† will be done. To study the pharmacological and medicinal applicationapplication of synthesized compound. Viz;. antimicrobial, immunodilator, antituberculosis, antielergic and radioprotectves. The synthesis of (AB 101 to 145) will be achieved by acid catalysed cyclocondensation of N-(substituted)-3-oxobutanamide, substituted urea derivatives and 4-(phenoxymethyl) benzaldehyde. The products will be eliminated by spectras,. The newly synthesized compounds will be subjected to various biological activities viz., antimicrobial, anticancer etc.. The synthesis of (AB 146 to 190) will be achieved by acid catalysed cyclocondensation of N-(substitutedphenyl)-4-methyl-3-oxopentanamide, substituted urea and 4-(phenoxymethyl) benzaldehyde. The products will be analyse by spectras.The newly synthesized compounds will be subjected to various biological activities viz., antimicrobial, anticancer etc. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 5 1.4 Some Biological importance of pyrimidines and related heterocycles Recently genetical science is a vast subject of research. To study genetical science, DNA must be decoded. and we know that In the constituents of nucleic acids also pyrimidine exists in form of base. This theory helps treatment of AIDS. The discovery of pyrimidine is itself a big revolution in medical science. Some examples of pyrimidine derivatives are given below which are existing in nucleic acid. (1) reveals diabetogenic action in a number of animals8. . Chapter- 1 General Introduction 6 1.5 Medicinal significance of pyrimidines and related heterocycles. During the last 20 years, the drugs containing pyrimidine are very useful as chemotherapeutic agents . 1.5.1 Antineoplastics and anticancer agents Some other examples of pyrimidine antimetabolite are mopidamol (15)18, nimustine (16)19, raltitrexed (17)20, uramustine (18)21 and trimetrixate (19)22. 1-ÃŽ ²-D-Arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C, 20)23 . These compounds are useful in treatment of cancer and herpes virus infection.While Gemcitabine (21), is useful in the treatment of murine solid tumours24. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 8 1.5.2 Drugs for hyperthyroidism Here are the examples of drug for hyperthyroidism without side effects25. 2-Thiouracil (9c), , Propylthiouracil (9d) thiobarbital (9e) 1.5.3 Antifolates, antibacterials and antiprotozoals Chapter- 1 General Introduction 9 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 10 1.5.4 Sulfa drug 1.5.5 Antivirals and anti-AIDS Pyrimidine is containing antiviral properties also. The most popular derivative is 5-Iododeoxyuridine(IDU) (31)37. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 11 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 12 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 13 1.5.6 Antibiotics Pyrimidine are of multi functional important in medical significance they are good antibiotics also. (42), is used to prevent staphylococcal infections45. While (43), is a cytosine derivative and it is useful in treatment of mycobacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria46. The other (44) and (45)45. And some wide spectrums are Puromycin (46) phleomycin (47a), bleomycin (47b) are containing the pyrimidine ring. tubercidine (48) is also antibiotic which is used as antitumour 46. Bleomycin is an effective derivative for tumor like Hodgkin’s lymphoma and disseminated testicular cancer47. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 14 1.5.7 Antifungals Very common disease found on skin, is fungal infection. But Pyrimidine derivatives are very helpful to solve this problem also because they exhibit antifungal properties also. Flucytosine (49)48 is containing fluorine. And widely strains of candida and Cryptococcus49. And for the treatment of aphthous ulceration Hexitidine50 (50) is used. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 15 1.5.8 Anthelmentics Sometime the patient body creates animal with a long thin body having no legs and no bones are called worms. they are of two types pinworms and roundworms51 .They may cause parasitic attack to body. Pyrantel pamoate (51) is a pyrimidine derivative which can depolarize . 1.5.9 Antitubercular drugs Previously only PABA was known antitubercular drug, now a days pyrimidine derivatives also popular in market like Capreomycin (52).which is made by Streptomyces capreolus and used as second-linebacteriostatic antituberculin drug 52, 53. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 16 In comparison of p-aminosalicyclic acid , Viomycin (53) is more tuberculostatic generally It isused in the treatment of experimental T.B. 1.5.10 CNS active agents 1.5.10.1 Sedative/Hypnotic/Antiepileptic agents Anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic compounds are of very interest and important in medical science. They may have short time or longtime effect to act on body.54, 55 Barbiturates compound series have the needed properties to act as Anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic compounds. and secobarbital are popular as hypnotic barbiturates56 among medical science users. Hexobarbital, cyclobarbital and propallylonal are popular sedative, hypnotics57. In 1932 Eli Lilly58 was the first researcher of secbutabarbital which was introduce in market with the name of barbitone (8) in starting of twentieth century. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 17 1.5.10.2 Anxiolytic agents The depression and anxiousness of body, both action are require in the surgery science. And these two actions are psychotic disease also. Generally psychoanalysts are blessed of these pyrimidine compounds having the psychoactive properties to treat psychosis. buspirone (55), is used to settle anxiety disorders.. It acts as sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle- relaxant effects59. anxiolytic activity is a good example of our interest62. mezilamine (57) is well known as an antipsychotic agent63. Risoperidone (58) is used as antipsychotic. Effective for anti parkinsonian drug64 1.5.10.3 Pyrimidine anaesthetics Anaesthetics actions are require in the surgery science. Thimylal (59) is used for minor surgery. This compound is family member of pyrimidine.65,66. Saxitoxin (60)65 dinoflagellates so, it is pyrimidine containing natural source. 1.5.10.4 Diuretics and uricosuri waste fluids, with the result that we need to urinate more often th. xanthine derivatives (61) are members of fused pyrimidine family. caffeine (61a)67, etamiphylline (61b)68, lomiphylline (61c)69, etophylline70 (61d), theophylline (61e)67 and theodrendaline (61f)71 are commanding examples of this problem. 1.5.11.1 Antihypertensives pyrimidine derivatives are effective as antihypertensive also. Examples are Prazosin (64a), is member of quinozoline family, and it is ÃŽ ±1-adrenergic antagonist74, 75. Other are bunazosin (64b)76, terazosin (64c)77 and trimazosin Chapter- 1 General Introduction 19 (64d)78, ketanserin (65)79 and serotonin-S2 is receptor. It is a triaminopyrimidine derivative, minoxidil (66), can be considered similar to Prazosin,by means of action. These drugs are hopeful in treatment of alopecia, male baldness80. More examples of antihypertensives81, 82. Alfuzocin (67)81, is as effective as urapidil (68)82 ,prescribes for urinary obstruction of prostate hyperplasia. 1.5.11.2 Vasodilators This drugs are highly require and demanding in the fast life the cases of cardiovascular disorder are increasing day by day .in activity of daily life patient is attacked by Parkinson’s syndrome in some cases. For this disease xanthine derivatives are used in broad level. cardiovascular disorders83. xantinol nicotinate84 (70b), containing value of nicotinic acid is helpful to support vascular disorders and pimephylline (70a) and pyridophylline85 (70c). A new dopamine stimulant, pirebidil (71)86 is used in ADL( Activity of DailyLiving) for the patient of Parkinsonâ€℠¢s syndrome. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 20 1.5.11.3 Cardiotonics/Bronchodialators Bronchitis is an illness like a very bad cough,in which our bronchial tubes become sore and infected. Important pyrimidine derivatives acting as drugs are : xanthine derivatives theophylline (61e), aminophylline (72a)87 andproxyphylline (72b)87. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 21 1.5.12 Antihistaminic pyrimidines Histamine affects directly to central nervous system. This is very sensitive to our body and needed to cure very sharply. Low or higher dose of the medicine may cause dangerous effect to body.Taziphylline (73) is more effective than astemizole and terfenadine88. Other example is temelastine (73a)89. With reference of Radiolabelled studies it came to know that it does not penetrate the Central nervous system. while Icotidine (73b), lacks Central nervous system (CNS) activity. It is working effectively on both H1 and H2 receptors90. Pemirolast (74)91, is used for severe asthma and proved best pyrimidine derivative. piprinhydrinate (75)92 is also good medicine having pyrimidine. 1.5.13 Analgesics and NSAID drugs Most common problems are seemed in human being are alcoholism and diabetes mellitus .for these different problems many pyrimidine derivatives are being used like Acetiamine (76a)93, bentiamine (76b)93 and Chapter- 1 General Introduction 22 fursultiamine (76c)94 which are lipid-soluble forms of thiamine (vitamin B1) For lower back pain patients Afloqualone (77)95 is the best anti-inflammatory medicine. Epirazole (78)96 and Proquazone (81)99are proved better medicine because of Nonsteroidal character (anti-inflammatory drugs), Ademetionine (79)97 is basic drug of glucosamine and chondroitin therapy. Octotiamine (80)98, is derivative of vitamin B1. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 23 1.5.14 Metabolic electrolytes In metabolic therapy a pyrimidine derivative Orotic acid (82)100 is useful. To prevent heart failure of patient orate is best to synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides biologically in body as they are main constituents of DNA and RNA. . Chapter- 1 General Introduction 24 1.6 Conclusion

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Emotional States of Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Custom Written Essays - The Emotional States of Hamlet Hamlet went through various emotional states because of different unfortunate circumstances that confronted him. Yet Hamlet never went so far over "the edge" so as to not come back from reality, yet for reasons psychological, he procrastinated actions that he should have taken, until it was too late. I will first discuss Hamlet, the origins for his queer behavior and if it twas feigned or not. In the first act we see that Hamlet is a sort of idealistic man coming back to the world from university in Wittenburg. Coleridge described Hamlet in this point of the play as a "Renaissance" man, who has never really come in contact with the dark side of humanity. In the very beginning of Act 1 scene i the guards dialog reflect that "there is something rotten in the state of Denmark". It is full of corruption, deceit, passion, ruthlessness, and ambition that Hamlet is not used to (Lidz, 71). His mind temporarily can not handle his situation because, as I will mention later, his mother is at the center of it. He has to try to find meaning, direction and a stable identity in the midst of all the evil about him (Lidz, 73). We clearly see that Hamlet is quite upset by his mother's quite hasty marriage to is uncle, and this causes some deep seeded emotional problems for Hamlet. I can not talk about Hamlet's emotional state without also going into the fact that Hamlet already suspects the King of killing his father, before the ghost tells him so (Leavenwoth, 34). First I will go elaborate on how Hamlet, at certain times, was clearly not feigning insanity, but that insanity only lasted for brief periods of time because of the emotional blows that Hamlet undergoes. I and many literary folk believe that Hamlet suffered from a Oedipus complex. Freud described this as a desire for a young boy to kill his father and become sexually involved with his mother. Now that Hamlet's father is eliminated, he believes that he will now be the number one person receiving affection from his mother, Queen Gertrude (Lidz, 48). This is the principal reason of why even though Hamlet should have grown out of the Oedipal, it gets reawakened (Lidz, 48). But, to Hamlet's great disappointment his mother has remarried and he will not be the number one person to receive his mother's affection and his superego is greatly damaged (Leavenworth, 95). He feels like his mother has betrayed him in, by marrying, and to boot that she married with

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Slaughter house 5 by Kurt Vonnegut is the story of Billy Pilgrim a soldier in WWII that time travels. At the beginning of the story In Slaughterhouse 5 the frequent use of time travel is Billy Pilgrim’s way of coping with the regrets, and reliving the accomplishments of his life Billy has many regrets in the story but there are 3 regrets that really trouble him a lot. The first is the death of Ronald Weary. Billy is in a huge battle and falls next to a tree where Weary helps him only to receive credit for the rescue. When Weary arrives the Germans spot them and they become prisoners of war they are put on a train and sent to a prison. While Weary is on the train he develops a deadly disease in his foot which consequently kills him. â€Å"There was death on the ninth day in the car ahead of Billy’s too. Ronald weary died of gangrene that had started in his mangles feet. So it goes. Weary in his nearly continuous delirium told of the three musketeers acknowledged that he was dying, gave many messages to be delivered to his family in Pittsburg. Above all, he wanted to be avenged, so he said again and again the name of the person who had killed him. Everyone on the car learned the lesson well. Who killed me he would ask. And everybody knew the answer whi ch was this Billy Pilgrim.† The next thing Billy regrets is going on an airplane that is headed to an optometry convention. He knows it is going to crash because of his ability to time travel yet, he still gets on the plane so he doesn’t make a fool out of himself. He survives the plane crash and wakes up in the hospital. â€Å"Billy pilgrim got on a chartered airplane 25 years after that. He knew it was going to crash but he didn’t want to make a fool of himself by saying so.† After the plane ... ... Traflamadorian philosophy he realizes that time travel to cope with his feelings is not a viable solution. The traflamadorians taught him that there is nothing he can to prevent change or alter the future in anyway because from the beginning the moment was is and always will be struvtured that way. Before he went to traflamadore Billy was time travaling quite frequently to try and cope with regrets and relive accomplishments to see if he could have done anything differently in any of the situations he found himself in. Billy seemed to kill himself over what he could and could not have done. After the experience on traflamadore Billy didn’t time travel as much and he seemed to be at peace with the world and his fate. So it is evident that the frequent use of time travel is Billy Pilgrim’s way of coping with the regrets, and reliving the accomplishments of his life.

“As Good As It Gets” Film Essay

Hollywood film producers and authors of fictional novels destined for the big screen have often given their characters psychological disorders. Producers and writers seek ways to add depth to their characters’ personalities and give them something to struggle against during the course of the story. The average movie-goer does not necessarily have the knowledge to determine if the disorder displayed on the big screen is accurate. To understand the dilemma of the average movie watcher, this paper reviews As Good As It Gets (Mark, Sakai, Ziskin, Producers, 1997) in the context of Melvin Udall, the protagonist, who suffers from at least two psychological disorders. The film followed Melvin Udall, a romance novel author, who exhibits a score of odd behaviors. During one scene Melvin visits his psychologist who states the author’s diagnoses as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, Melvin also seems to struggle with the more troubling antisocial personality disorder, previously known as narcissistic personality disorder. David Myers (2014) defined obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as â€Å"an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions), or both.† The character, Melvin Udall, certainly exhibits OCD traits. His behaviors are compulsive and are often triggered by anxiety. For instance, he compulsively locks his door and flips the light switch in groups of five. He washes using extremely hot water and several bars of soap per washing. These are typical compulsions for those with OCD and are notable as those attributed to evolution and natural selection.  Other behaviors Melvin Udall exhibited include his preference for a particular table at a restaurant, his organizing of items by color and hyper-organized packing, and his refusal to step on the cracks of New York sidewalks. While Melvin’s behaviors seemed linked to anxiety, his OCD only manifested as compulsive behaviors. No evidence of obsessive thoughts was dramatized. Melvin struggled against an undiagnosed antisocial personality disorder throughout the movie as well. Melvin’s narcissistic tendencies manifested in his egotistical actions and his inability to show interest in another’s point of view. This often led to verbally abusive behavior. â€Å"Where do they teach you to talk like this? In some Panama City â€Å"Sailor wanna hump-hump† bar, or is it getaway day and your last shot at his whiskey? Sell crazy someplace else, we’re all stocked up here.† – Melvin Udall, As Good As It Gets Myers (2014) described a person suffering from antisocial personality disorder as generally a man who exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. Melvin greets each person he interacts with his own sterotyped beliefs regarding their race, ethnicity, gender, sexual preference and so forth. Nothing he says is considered culturally acceptable. He often hurts the feelings of those he interacts with and is not the least bit affected by the knowledge. At times he seems to know hurting someone’s feelings by his words and actions is wrong, but does not understand why what he said was improper. He has trouble understanding, for example, why his love interest Carol Connelly is offended when he refers to her carefully selected dress as a â€Å"house dress†. At other times, he only seeks others out for what they can do for him, but are unwilling to reciprocate any sort of friendship. This is the case when he asks his publicist for a personal favor from her husband to treat Carol’s sick child, but this is unwilling to listen or even pretend to be interested in a story about her own son. The movie, albeit entertaining, is a poor substitute for education on psychological disorders. Because the only disorder mentioned is OCD, the viewer may be left with the impression that the antisocial behaviors, symptoms of a personality disorder, are a product of the  obsessive-compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder. Melvin’s behaviors begin to normalize toward the end of the movie as he makes closer attachments with several other characters. This may falsely imply to the movie-goer that his psychological disorders are easily treatable or curable. People with mental illnesses suffer from a stigma from the greater community. Unfortunately, this movie perpetuates the dangerous notion that mental illness is something one can take a stance against and overcome through will and action. Mental illness, just like an illness of the body, requires medical intervention. References Mark, L., Sakai, R., Ziskin, L. (Producers), & Brooks, J. L. (Director). (1997) As Good As It Gets [Motion Picture]. United States: Tristar Pictures. Myers, D. G. (2014). Exploring Psychology. New York, NY: Worth Publishers