Rothschilds Fiddle - 1732 Words

Jackson Weeks Harold English 101 1-31-13 Chekhov’s Use of Futliarnost to Develop Yakov and the Importance of Morals in â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† Futliarnost, a Russian literature theme which is often present in Anton Chekhov’s short stories, is when a character is encased in a situation and can not escape. In â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†, Yakov is entrapped in an almost trance like state, that is brought about by loss and remorse in his life. â€Å"Is Yakov ever released from this state, through Marfa’s death, or any other instance and does Chekhov intend for the reader to see one single moral in this story?† Chekhov uses irony and ambiguity to develop Yakov â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle† into a deeper character as well. Chekhov uses one particular irony†¦show more content†¦Perhaps she was just rosy from the fever, or more likely just relieved that she was finally going to be released from her dreary life of being frightened by Yakov, mistreated, and not appreciated. Even though Marfa only has a small presence in the text, she is a great tool for Chekhov. She is used to bring up Yakov’s past. Marfa says â€Å"Do you remember fifty years ago God gave us a little baby with flaxen hair? We used always to be sitting by the river then, singing songs . . . under the willows, and laughing bitterly, she added: The baby girl died. Yakov did not remember his baby from years ago. Yakov had shut out most of his past, and only thought of profit and losses. However when Yakov later goes and sits beneath the tree and finally remembers their child, the reader is not ever sure as to whether he actually remembers the child, or if it is just a figment of his imagination. Another ambigu ity is when Yakov leaves the cemetary after Marfa’s burial it is said that he didn’t feel well. However it is never clarified if he is physically ill, or emotionally ill. If Yakov is only emotionally ill and ends up dying from this it would indicate that Yakov is much more deeply connected to Marfa than has previously been shown. This would perpetuate the theme of loss, because if he was extremely close to his wife, then her loss is only that much more painful to him. Loss is surely the main recurring theme throughout â€Å"Rothschild’s Fiddle†. Yakov inShow MoreRelatedSettings Analysis of Rothschild Fiddle1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Story The setting of â€Å"Rothschilds Fiddle† is a squalid little village where Yakov Ivanov, a Russian coffin maker, and Rothschild, an equally poor Jewish musician, both live. Yakov lives in a one-room hut, which contains his gloomy wares as well as his humble domestic possessions. Childless, the dour Yakov barely notices Martha, his downtrodden wife of fifty years. Yakov has an unexpected side to his character, for he is a gifted, if rude, violinist who is sometimes invited to join the local

A Case Study Of No Child Left Behind - 1291 Words

547 For more than a decade the mandates of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has placed enormous pressure on schools. This pressure required schools/school districts to evaluate and change the manner in which they conduct the business of education. Some of the areas that received heightened attention are; student achievement, teacher effectiveness and school accountability, all of which continue to be scrutinized. This scrutiny is not isolated to primarily one state or territory. In fact; the article Exiting Program Improvement (2014), backed this notion. The researchers in this article conducted a qualitative case study of ten (10) school principals in the state of California. At the time of this study the data demonstrated the†¦show more content†¦As mentioned in the article this was an issue that the principals in question would not have been able to change. However, that was not a reason for hindering their beliefs in student achievement. Instead they knew that they could make a difference with the time allotted in school. This meant that their teachers would have to foster a culture of providing high quality instruction for all students, while each student was at school. Many of the students at the schools in question were from low socio-economic status and the notion was that many of them would not be high achievers this one belief that had to be reworked into the school culture that all of the students would be great achievers. Another important fact noted by one principal is that they had to move towards shifting of cultural issues. Because if these issues were not addressed there is no chance that the educational problems(achievement) would ever be accomplished. Next, point highlighted was the fact that a schools culture cannot be changed if the issue of staff motivation was not addressed. In other words, those teachers who were unwilling to motivate themselves to work hard and exhibited low expectancy levels were asked to rethink their occupations. Especially, since the overall goal of each one of each of the principal’s in the study was to improve their schools. In additionShow MoreRelatedNo child left behind act1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe No child left behind act has been a big issues ever since its establishment in 2009 by President George Bush. There has been cry by some parents for the law to be repeal because they feel it is creating more problem for the educational system. However, critical analysis of the situation of the students grades by comparing the period before and after the establishment of No child left behind will show that the law has brought tremendous improvement in our education and need to stay. EducationRead MoreReviewing the No Child Left Behind Program794 Words   |  3 PagesThe No Child Left Behind program Education is a key contributor to personal development social and economic growth. It is obligatory for a person to be educated and trained effectively In order to achieve his or her ambition. Educators and trainers play a leading role in the making of future leaders and champions. Such are the principal aspects, which led to the rise of the No Child Left Behind program in 2002. The program, which focuses on teaching practices, is meant to enhance excellenceRead MoreCritical Analysis of Problems and Issues in Education Essay examples1547 Words   |  7 Pagesa child’s tuition. Their choices ranged from private or parochial schools, these are schools that many of these children may not experience otherwise. Charter schools were also options because they are run much like private schools. The thought behind voucher programs is that a sense of competition would be created. The hope is that a higher educational output and an improved level of education would be provided. Prop onents of the program believe that children from poor public school districtsRead MoreThe Problem Of The No Child Left Behind Act821 Words   |  4 PagesWhat I know before doing my research paper on No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act is that president Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965 passed the law before George W. Buch resigned on January 8th, 2002. It was emphases, by increasing funds for poor school districts with higher achievement on low- income students. During this NCLB act there was a debate on whether states should maintain them standardize and tests. Another thing is that whether schools would be held accountable whether by National Assessment ofRead MoreHelping The Homeless And Interacting With Offenders At Community Crisis Incorporation Service1696 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional will guide my actions and effectiveness when working with youth and families. I am excited about my future work as a social worker and the positive impact I hope to make in the lives of others. â€Æ' Section II Integrative Case Study D .Overview of the Case D1. Tina Fulmore is a 13 year old African American female. She currently has been reunified with her mother and her 4 siblings in Southeast Washington DC. Tina is a student at Washington DC Public School System and is currently in theRead MoreThe Education System Of Education1728 Words   |  7 Pageseducation in our nation all together?† In 2002 our American education system was one that was failing. High school test scores showed that year by year our student’s success was falling further and further behind. Since 2002, under the watch of former president George W. Bush, â€Å"No Child Left Behind† was put into legislation. The act in itself was one to keep a closer eye on how students are doing. The former president was well aware of the issue. Bush knew of the statistics on American education thatRead MoreAnalysis Of No Child Left Behind1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was to be President George W. Bush’s signature legislation coming into Office. After being delayed by the 9/11 Terror attacks, the act received wide bipartisan support and was passed into law. Its purpose was to â€Å"close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child (was) left behind† (One Hundred Seventh Congress of the United States of America 2008). In addi tion, â€Å"No Child Left Behind (aimed to continue) the legacy of the Brown vRead MoreEducation Is An Important Part Of Society1690 Words   |  7 Pageswould receive a good education. However, not every child was receiving the same education opportunities based on money issues surrounding them and the minority they were classified as, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was to ensure that these issues would be dissolve. On January 8th of 2002, six months and one war later after George W. Bush first proposed the No Child Left Behind bill, it was finally passed. Under the No Child Left Behind, every state was required to develop and implement strictRead MoreEssay on The No Child Left Behind Act1440 Words   |  6 PagesInitiated in 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 intended to prevent the academic failures of educational institutions and individual students, as well as bridge achievement gaps between students. This act supports the basic standards of education reform across America; desiring to improve the learning outcomes of America’s youth. No Child Left Behind has left many to criticize the outcomes of the Act itself. Questions have risen concerning the effectiveness of NCLB, as well as theRead MoreStandardized Testing Should Be Standardized Tests1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthat they do not get left behind once they have gone through school and are out in the world competi ng for jobs.   Ã‚   President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind law in 2002, which was put in place to help minority students, namely â€Å"black, Hispanic, and poor†, keep up in school. Many civil right groups support this law and its requirement for yearly standardized tests from third grade to eighth grade (â€Å"Why Civil Rights Groups Support Standardized Testing†). Studies show that minority students

Development of a Multi-Use Sports Stadium In Staedtler City Council

Questions: Describe about the Development of a Multi-Use Sports Stadium In Staedtler City Council? Answer: Overview Project Overview The vision of this program is to build a sports stadium for multiple purposes. Such a commitment shall require Designing the specifications required for the stadium. Work plan for the construction of the stadium Purchasing required material from a vendor HR It includes planning, all recruitment and management. Experiencing the best practices of the industry. To operate a functional program, strategic management after including senior managers of the company is necessary. For better management results, the project will have to include senior executives on the project so that planning can be done effectively. Goals This project aims towards establishing a sports stadium for multiple purposes. Deliverables Cost estimation is done Signing of contracts is done before the estimated date Schematic signed off of all the pending documents and contracts Checking, reviewing and permitting of the plan. The work can only proceed after this step is completed. Finalizing on cost estimate Award contract Use and occupancy certificate Proceedings First walk in Assumptions The prices for infrastructure and land are stable so the total amount can estimated There would be a requirement of minimum laborers to carry out the project. Labor charges will also have to be considered before the beginning of the project. The rules and regulations from the governments side would be stationary so they are to be followed. It will take maximum 4 days to get all the contracts signed and then work can proceed. Constraint The budget should be expected to rise by about 10% and if there is a possibility of the budget increasing more than 10%, the funds can be provided by loans. The expected time should be stretched to about 45 days. There is a chance that after the extension of 45 days on the work time, the government rules and regulations wont be functional anymore. The rate in the rise of the budget and the estimated time duration of the work can be predicted, considering how skilled the laborers are and how efficiently the planning of the project is being done. But the project management should be expecting a little issue with the budget and the time duration. Client Staedtler City Council Scope The scope of project encompasses needed functions and features in order to attain success of the project. The project team is responsible to manage the project scope while identifying and defining the project requirements, and applying it into a work breakdown structure (WBS) which is placed later in the project plan. Owner Deliverables Requirements Project Limits Project Manager Customer satisfaction Project completion as per deadline and budget Delivery of project by 2020 Approval from local government Planning, monitoring, controlling and reporting for the project Conforming to safety standards Workplace compliance Legal documentation Budget, Schedule, Economy, Weather, Government regulations Chief Financial Officer Budget Managing, controlling and reporting Project scope crawl, threats, and risks Project Director Civil and structural engineering An integrated plan for water cycle management including water requirement for pool, irrigation and amenities Detention basin wetland and water landscape package Developing civil, building, and ride attraction components Testing Government regulations, environmental factors, budget, schedule, contractor, supplies Head Contractor Construction activities Civil: Car parking area, roads, stormwater, site fencing and security, site preparation, and landscaping Buildings: Plant and maintenance room, back of house, amenities, main food/beverage complex, satellite food/beverage complex, stadium entry and retail section, lockers, change facilities Staff, budget, schedule, restraints, environmental impacts Head Architect Park design and planning Council approval Site inspection and testing Safety reports Completion deadline, legal compliance, safety environment Communications and Reporting Plan The project manager has to ensure effective and efficient communication throughout the project lifecycle. This would follow the 6 Cs of project management communication Clearly express the subject in words Concisely make the point Courteously make the delivery of message Consistently strengthen and support your point Confidentiality to be maintained always Compel the recipient to be receptive The plan of project communication provides a communication model during the project and can be updated if needed. The project plan clearly highlights team members roles and responsibilities with respect to the communication for stadium project. A communication matrix is prepared to provide detailed communication needs for the project including who to contact, when to communicate and what to communicate. Meetings - All the people supposed to join the meeting will be informed about the agenda at least two weeks in advance by the project manager. This is crucial for all the participants to timely attend all the scheduled meetings. All the meetings would be following PDCA model, Plan planning the meeting agenda Do conducting all meetings and recording minutes for these Check evaluating all the meetings Act Act on tasks supposed to be done between the periods of two meetings All the issues and concerns raised during the scheduled meetings will be recorded in the Issues Log, and will be monitored and updated as needed, and the resolved issues will be closed Minutes of the meetings will be recorded for all meetings and shared with all participants within 24 hours after the meeting is finished Email - It is important that all the email communications happen in professional manner in order to provide brief and effective communication between relevant people associated with the project as per the communication matrix. All the emails using it as a communication method to communicate a concern or issue, should provide brief description of the issue, related background information on the issue, and any suggestion that can be helpful in resolving the issue or reducing the impact of it. This should be ensured that project manager is provided copy of all emails related to the issues during the project period. Informal Communications - All the informal communications related with the issues, progress and schedule of the project should be communicated to the project manager so that necessary actions may be taken if needed. Staffing management The project will come up with the form of project-based organizational structure in order to facilitate synergy and coordination between the project teams, clearly depict the roles and responsibilities of every team member, and their reporting managers.The staffing needs for the project of stadium build include: Project Manager - While ensuring that the deadlines agreed with the client are met, the project manager needs to take ownership of planning, coordinating and managing the project plan during project. The project manager will meet the entire project team once in a week to conduct project progress and risk management meetings, while being the key point of communication for the client. Project Director - The project director would be integral part of the project team build for stadium project, and all the engineers would be reporting to project director. As defined in the risk register, the project director would be responsible to manage health and risk related to safety and control and report the same on regular basis. Head Contractor - The head contractor has to be responsible to maintain effective communication with all the labour and contract force staff. The head contractor has to manage risks related to the stakeholders during the project duration and the head contractor will also handle liaising with all the suppliers in order to ensure that suppliers are maintaining the agreements. The head contractor will be part of the project team and regularly attend the scheduled meetings in order to report issues, progress and risks associated with the construction activity and concerned areas of the project. Head Architect - The head architect has to be part of the project team and regularly attend all the meetings in order to report about the design aspects of the project. The head architect has to be responsible for monitoring, controlling and managing all the design aspects of the project and will need to communicate the design concerns and issues to the project team for further review. Chief Financial Officer - The chief financial officer will be responsible for budgetary, cash flow management, accounting and reporting during the project period. The chief financial officer will attend project team meetings on weekly basis to discuss the budgetary concerns and conduct monthly review on project milestones formally. Project background The project is about developing a stadium for a local community and is ideated by the staedtler city council. The project is spread out over a period of 5 years. The project is a rather large type and when completed will have various different features. Key construction components of the project include a stadium constructed appropriately for both day and night matches with a seating capacity of 5000 spectators along with 2000 standing spectators. The central area of the stadium will be constructed with artificial turf. The project is meant to be accessible by various transport modes and it also must have a total of 2000 vehicular parking facility including both indoors and on-street. Apart from this, there would be appropriate facilities within the stadium to support upto 6 teams at a time as well as an administrative area for the officials. The project is quite complex and technologically advance, as a result all individuals and organizations involved in this will have a rewarding opportunity. Scope of the project The scope of the project for the construction of the stadium will include staff training for the operation of park facilities and familiarization of the surroundings. Once the whole training package has been conducted, the project will be completed and handed over to a client fully operational. Budget of the project The project manager along with the Chief Financial Officer will conduct budget reporting and Cost management. The Project Manager shall review and put forward the information that is related to the performance and the cost management at the weekly Project Team meetings, with budget reporting held at each stage of the life cycle of the project by the CFO. Bottom Up estimate will determine the budget of the project on analyzing each and every activity thoroughly in the work breakdown structure with the much-needed assistance from the Project Team of course along with the professional input. Cost and Schedule Performance Index is to be reported by the CFO on a monthly basis to the clients. Cost variances up to +/- 10 per cent of the already forecasted budget shall be logged, labeled as cautionary, indicating the need to review the impact on the budget and has to be dealt with accordingly. The cost variance of +/-20% shall be lodged at a critical and need immediate action from a Project Manager to bring the budget back in the line. The CFO shall also record an Earned Value Calculation and report accordingly at the monthly budget review meetings. Budget Task wise Task Name Resource Names Cost Multi-Use Stadium construction $1,916,416.00 Year 1: Preliminaries $147,520.00 Finalize Client Preliminary Tasks HR $15,200.00 Get go-ahead Project Manager $2,400.00 Architectural Preliminaries Contractor $0.00 Obtain Consultant Contracts $36,920.00 Finalize architects Contractor $0.00 Finalize structure Engineer $10,320.00 Finalize landscaping Procurement Manager $11,400.00 Finalize budget Project Manager $12,000.00 Finalize consultant contracts Contractor $0.00 Negotiate Consultants contracts Project Manager $3,200.00 Get contract sign-offs Project Manager $0.00 Program evaluation $93,000.00 Review Cost Estimate HR $15,200.00 Conduct Interviews HR $22,800.00 Get feedbacks Project Manager $16,000.00 Integrate feedback Contractor $0.00 Obtain Consultant Contracts Project Manager, HR $39,000.00 Year 2: Schematic designs $349,280.00 Prepare initial schematic Project Manager $48,000.00 Present schematic Project Manager, Architect $2,240.00 Review by council $0.00 Integrate feedback 1 Project Manager, Architect, Engineer $26,560.00 Revise schematic 1 Project Manager $16,000.00 Review by sponsor $0.00 Integrate feedback 2 Project Manager, Architect, Engineer $143,520.00 Revise schematic 2 Project Manager, Architect, Engineer $73,760.00 Presentation Or Q/As Project Manager, Architect $7,200.00 Final review by Agency $0.00 Schematic Signed-off Project Manager $16,000.00 Preliminary cost estimation Project Manager $16,000.00 Year 3: Design Development $60,000.00 Kick-off meeting $5,600.00 Submission of design documents Project Manager $4,000.00 Sign-offs of Designs Project Manager $1,600.00 Construction Documents $54,400.00 Kick-off meeting Project Manager $800.00 Consultant kick-off meeting Project Manager $800.00 Finalize construction documents Project Manager $36,800.00 Get documents for permit Project Manager $16,000.00 Finalize 100% cost estimate Project Manager $0.00 Phase 4: Building Review $11,600.00 Get Building Permit Process Procurement Manager $7,600.00 Get Sign-offs Project Manager $4,000.00 Get Building Permit Project Manager $0.00 Phase 5: Selection of vendor $99,840.00 Collect bids Project Manager, Procurement Manager $92,040.00 Review bids Project Manager, Procurement Manager $7,800.00 Phase 6: Contraction Administration $1,248,176.00 Construction of Building $274,720.00 Draw #1 (Site plan) Project Manager $16,000.00 Lot clearance Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $79,040.00 Stripping Topsoil Stockpile Project Manager, Laborers, Engineer $56,320.00 Excavation Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $65,440.00 Excavating for foundation Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $57,920.00 Foundation $487,256.00 Layout footings Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $28,960.00 Install Reinforcing Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $26,080.00 Footing Inspection Project Manager, Engineer, QA $20,080.00 Pouring of footings Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $33,856.00 Pining footings Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $64,160.00 Set-up Stock of Block, Mortar, Sand Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $64,160.00 Block foundation Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $51,120.00 Get Foundation Certification Project Manager, Engineer, QA $18,040.00 Draw #2 (Footing and foundation plan) Project Manager $48,000.00 Filling-up of Block Cores with Concrete Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $20,960.00 Steel Delivery Project Manager, Laborers, Engineer $34,080.00 Setting Lintels, Bolts, Cap Block Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $34,080.00 Lumber delivery Project Manager $8,000.00 Waterproofing Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $26,080.00 Draw # 3 (Parking) Project Manager $3,200.00 Draw #4 (Accommodation) Project Manager $4,000.00 Draw #5 (Central Area) Project Manager $2,400.00 Rough Carpentry $73,144.00 Set-up Steel Project Manager, Carpenters, Engineer $1,928.00 Parking framing Project Manager, Engineer, Carpenters $10,912.00 Accommodation framing Project Manager, Engineer, Carpenters $10,912.00 Central are framing Project Manager, Engineer, Carpenters $5,456.00 Draw #6 (Seating arrangement) Project Manager $3,200.00 Draw #7 (Professional ground) Project Manager $3,200.00 Professional ground framing Project Manager, Carpenters, Engineer $8,184.00 Roof truss Project Manager, Carpenters, Engineer $5,456.00 Frame seating arrangement roof Project Manager, Engineer, Carpenters $23,896.00 Concrete Slabs $10,040.00 Preparation of Parking Slab Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $3,616.00 Termite Treatment of Parking Slab Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $1,808.00 Inspection of Slab Project Manager, Engineer, QA $2,008.00 Pouring of Parking Slab Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $2,608.00 Electric Rough-in $57,800.00 Draw#10 Professional area Project Manager, Engineer $4,464.00 Draw#11 Seating arrangement Project Manager, Engineer $4,464.00 Setting of Electric Boxes Project Manager, Engineer, Electricians $3,776.00 ESP installation Project Manager, Engineer, Electricians $3,776.00 Electrical Walk-through Project Manager, Engineer, QA $2,008.00 Electrical Rough-wire Project Manager, Engineer, QA $39,312.00 Specialty Rough-ins $58,576.00 Central Vacuum Project Manager, Engineer, Electricians $13,440.00 Alarm System Project Manager, Engineer, Electricians $13,440.00 Telephone System Project Manager, Engineer, Electricians $13,440.00 Audio Visual Project Manager, Engineer, Electricians $13,440.00 Electrical inspection Project Manager, Engineer, QA $2,808.00 Framing inspection Project Manager, Engineer, QA $2,008.00 Roofing $21,376.00 Installation of Roofing Paper Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $5,424.00 Draw #7 (Roof plan) Project Manager, Engineer $1,488.00 Finalize roof shingles Project Manager, Engineer, Laborers $1,808.00 Install roof shingles Project Manager, Laborers, Engineer $12,656.00 Elevations $13,392.00 Draw# 12 Building elevations Project Manager, Engineer $5,952.00 Draw# 13 Rear building elevation Engineer, Project Manager $7,440.00 Exterior Finishes $56,448.00 Siding Laborers, Engineer $3,024.00 Exterior Trim Engineer, Laborers $7,056.00 Brick of Arch Forms Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Brick Veneer Engineer, Laborers $45,360.00 Insulation $6,048.00 Sealing of Caulk Air Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Draft Fire Stop Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Insulation of batt Engineer, Laborers $3,024.00 BGE Energy Wise Inspection Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Drywall $26,208.00 Stock Drywall Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Hang Drywall Engineer, Laborers $5,040.00 Remove Scrap Drywall Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Tape and Finish Drywall Engineer, Laborers $15,120.00 Sand Drywall Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Drywall Point-up Engineer, Laborers $3,024.00 Floor Finishes $26,208.00 Ceramic Tile Engineer, Laborers $15,120.00 Installation of Hardwood Floor Engineer, Laborers $4,032.00 Sand, Stain, Seal Hardwood Engineer, Laborers $5,040.00 Final Coat Hardwood Engineer, Laborers $2,016.00 Paint $37,680.00 Preparation of Drywall for Prime Coat Engineer, Whitewashers $2,176.00 Prime Paint Drywall Engineer, Whitewashers $2,176.00 Prep Trim for Prime Coat Engineer, Whitewashers $2,176.00 Prime Trim Engineer, Whitewashers $2,176.00 Finish Coat Trim Engineer, Whitewashers $10,880.00 Finish Coat Drywall Engineer, Whitewashers $15,232.00 Caulk Exterior Windows Doors Engineer, Whitewashers $1,088.00 Finish Coat Exterior Trim Siding Engineer, Whitewashers $1,088.00 Draw #7 (Roof) Engineer $688.00 Interior Trim $29,328.00 Interior Trim Delivery Engineer, Carpenters $1,128.00 Installing Interior Doors Engineer, Carpenters $5,640.00 Installing Interior Trim Engineer, Carpenters $16,920.00 Installing Cabinetry Engineer, Carpenters $5,640.00 Plumbing Trim $6,528.00 Set Fixtures Engineer, Plumbers $4,352.00 Connect Appliances Engineer, Plumbers $1,088.00 County Final Plumbing Inspection Engineer, Plumbers $1,088.00 Exterior Landscaping $32,256.00 Rough Final Grade Engineer, Laborers $1,008.00 Patios Engineer, Laborers $7,056.00 Porches Engineer, Laborers $5,040.00 Sidewalks Engineer, Laborers $7,056.00 Decks Engineer, Laborers $7,056.00 Driveways Engineer, Laborers $2,016.00 Final Grade and Seed Engineer, Laborers $3,024.00 Electrical Final Trim $4,352.00 Switch Plug Engineer, Electricians $2,176.00 Installing Fixtures Engineer, Electricians $1,088.00 Connect Appliances Engineer, Electricians $1,088.00 Use Occupancy Certificate Project Manager $8,000.00 First Walk-thru Project Manager $8,000.00 Final set $5,312.00 Trim and Adjust Doors Engineer, Carpenters $4,512.00 Paint Touch-up Whitewashers $800.00 Cleaning $5,504.00 Ground Engineer $2,064.00 Rough Clean Engineer $2,064.00 Final Clean Engineer $1,376.00 Final Walk-through $0.00 Work Breakdown Structure Resource utilization Risk Management Plan The exclusive risk management plan has been designed specially to serve as the live document that is to be updated throughout the life cycle of the project. It is going to serve as a reference during the event that threats or risks to the project arise and provide a framework for reporting and managing such issues. It is going to provide an insight in the risks, which have been recognized by the Project Team and segregate them on the basis of the probability and the severity. The identified risks are logged into the risk register and an assigned team member who's responsible and capable of handling the risk, as well as the mitigation strategies required while dealing with risks. It is essential that the risks or the threats to the project be immediately communicated to the Project Team for a review. Once this Project Team finishes reviewing the risk and refers to it as valid, it shall be added on to the risk register to be managed appropriately. Once the threats cease to exist, or is appropriately mitigated, the risk can be closed, then removed from the risk register. Project risks and the risk register will be discussed at weekly Project. Team meetings to be arranged ensure identification, control and effective management. On the completion of the project in the Closing Phase, the Project Manager will analyze each risk from the project and the risk management process used. This will provide insight into any improvements that could have been made and increase the knowledge of dealing with risks. This will form part of the lessons learned knowledge base. Risk register Category Risk/Responsibility Potential Causes Potential Responses Severity Meeting Agreement Budget Overrun (CFO) - Project scope creep - Rise in prices of materials - Marking of obstacles lacking in planning - Weekly meeting with Project teams which will include budget reviews done at the completion of each life cycle of the project - Budget risk minimized by planning contingencies - Maintenance of schedule by increase in night work - Project plan compromise Extreme (16) Schedule Overrun (PM) -Poorly Managed schedules -Work Packages poorly defined -Project Planned in Phases -Identification of Weekly Project Team who can identify risks in present and predictions of future risks -Compromise in other areas of the project Extreme (20) Customer Success Failure to Meet Customers needs (PM) -Failure to meet deadlines -Increase work hours by increasing work at night -Meeting stakeholders and customers to discuss risks, plans, mitigation activities, responsibilities and roles High (12) Failure to Satisfy Customer Expectations (PM) -Visions misinterpretation -Designs not up to mark -Consultations on various developments and changes -Clients to be included in daily progress with reviews and meeting -Actively engaging clients in process and daily review sessions with them High (9) Health and Safety Risks to health and safety of the workers, employees who are terminal and/or the public (PD) -Hazards of the workplace and safety standards of the rides not properly identified -Consultation with field experts -Maintenance of open line of communication between the key stakeholders -Site safety tested -Site Safety discussed with contractors on a monthly basis Moderate (6) Stakeholder Management Materials and supplies delayed/not available causing threat to schedule (HC) -Poor line of communication between stakeholders and suppliers -Maintaining proper line of communication between main suppliers -Register set up for supply orders and identification of delivery dates -Ensuring suppliers are able to meet responsibilities before making arrangements Using of alternative products -Late arrivals to be accommodated by increase in night work or day time labour forces Extreme (12) Quality Management Plan The standard set out for the Quality Baseline is meant to be mandatory met, or exceeded for this stadium project ought to be deemed an acceptable quality and success. Quality testing has been carried on throughout a project and upon the completion of the project execution prior to handing over to clients. Quality shall be measured by the Six Sigma themed approach by using the DMAIC methodology. The quality assurance (QA) shall be performed for auditing the effectiveness of the quality measured in assessing the project quality and monitoring the process of improvement using DMAIC model. The quality control has to be performed for monitoring and recording the information gained from quality assessments for assessing the performance and improving wherever necessary. The outputs of the quality control include preventative or other corrective actions, defect repaired or validated deliverable. DMAIC Phase Project Quality Tool Description Define Charter Initial agreement of project highly critical, expectations and identification of resources to be set for need of project initiation Stakeholder Analysis Prioritizing and identifying stakeholders who are involved in the project Plan of Communication Development of Project Communication framework, informing all stakeholders of the project progress Client Voice Listening and implementation of client wishes in the project Supplier-Input-Process-Output-Customer (SIPOC) Learning of framework for customer desires and assistance with scope of the project Measure Critical to Quality Identification of the qualities of the processes that are critical to the client and ensuring satisfaction of client Metrics (Operational Definition) Defining how data is collected and how it measures performance Process Map (Flow Chart) Sequenced activities for project that shows timings, points of pain, bottlenecks and responsibilities Data Collection Plan (Define Measures) What to measure is defined and where it is to be recorded Analyse Histogram Bar diagrams showing various process, their mean, variance, shape and spread Pareto Chart Key problems shown with a Vertical Bar Chart Root Cause Analysis Identification techniques for underlying causes of problems so as to provide proper solutions Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FEMA) Assistance to understand the critical causes of failures with the help of risk priority, abatement suggestions and reprioritizing accordingly. Improve Brainstorming Collaboration done with project teams on causes and solutions of problems and finding improvement Diagram of Cause and Effect Exploration of the different causes of various problems Pilot Potential project problem solutions are tested on small scale experiments Control Control Chart Assistance in understanding of variations that happen over time Dashboards Applied to compare present performance against past performances before changes were made Lessons Learned Knowledge gained from sharing experiences among peers. Documentation of improvement in strategies and best rehearsal for upcoming projects All Phases Project Review Analysis of project process and ensuring the project completion is done on time and budget Change Management Systematic approach to conquer resistance to changes. Change management plan Change requests all through the project are to be directed to the project management team through the medium of a change request form. Change requests can be put forth by any stakeholder or team member and ought to include a description of the change proposed, in detail. Change requests are to be submitted for the changes that relate to the project, which includes budgeting, scope, the schedule or the resources. The change control process steps include: 1. Recognize the need to change 2. Submit a request to change to the Project Management Team to review sooner 3. The Project Management Team is going to log this change request to the Change Control Register and assess the request of change for assessing risks and effects on the budget 4. Scope and schedule: 5. The Project Management Team works on submitting a requested change 6. Control Board for review. 7. The Change Control Board will discuss the proposed change and make a decision on the fact that whether the change is to approve or disapprove. 8. The change requests, which have been approved, are to be implemented by the Project Manager. Health and Safety Plan Structure and the major Responsibilities The various obligations of the management team who are responsible for the daily activities of the project site like the manager of the site, foreman of the site and the health and safety inspector can be found in the companys health and safety policy which is a part of the health and safety folder at the office of the site. Health and Safety goals for the project as per standard area- The project is required to be completed without any major injuries or accidents of the workers All workers are directed to attend the required toolbox talks, which will be monitored and recorded. Arrangements to be carried out Regular communication between the architect, clients and the principal contractors, which are to be achieved with the help of meetings in progress that include a health and safety issue to be addressed on the agenda. (Expected number of meetings is and held during the duration of the project). The procedures and discussions that take place during these meetings are to be recorded and distributed to all parties that are interested who will further discuss the actions and decisions within their own organizations. When it is required, arrangements for communications in English with workers who speak English as a secondary language will be made. These arrangements are discussed in detail with the companys Health and Safety Policy document, which is located at the site office. If it is required, then the foreman or the supervisor of the site will directly confer with the subcontractors, suppliers, and manager of the site, the local and public schools, which include the neighborhood school s. Guidance For The Small Scale/Smaller Sized Contractors 1. Consultation with the workforce Encouragement to employees and sub-contractors are to be made so that they raise the daily health and safety issues and the concerns that they might face with the foreman of the site, during toolbox talks. The Safety Data Information Sheets or SDIS will be made available to any and all employees and sub-contractors who might want to view them. 2. Managing the design changes that occur during the phase of the construction If any critical design changes take place during the course of construction than might lead to additional and significant risks, it should be consulted between the manager of the site and the client, architects and the CDM coordinators. These discussions should happen during the progress meetings. 3. Subcontractor management and selection The selection and governing of the sub-contractor of the project work will be referred within the companys Health and Safety Policy document which is located at the site office. 4. Information exchange regarding health and safety between the sub-contractors The manager of the site is to communicate all safety and health information to the sub-contractors during the progress meetings. The sub-contractor has the power to raise any form of health and safety issue with the manager of the site at any time. 5. Site security and access arrangements Full implementation of the security of the site will be identified during the Site Security Risk Assessment. 6. Site induction- All those who have been working on the site shall be briefed on the onset of the induction stage due to the risks associated with this site and the relevant information can be sought from Appendix A. The site foreman is going to keep a check for further evidence of competence as personnel reach the site, which might include the training records. Visitors are going to be provided with a brief site induction theyll be accompanied always. The risk assessment of young individuals will be carried out during this stage for all the personnel under the age of 18 years and this is going to be held in the health and safety section of the company located at the site office. 7. On-site training - Whenever appropriate, on-the-job-training shall be offered under thorough supervision of a competent individual. Details of the training are to be recorded to be held in the health and safety section of the company in the site office. Welfare facilities and first aid arrangements Welfare facilities like that of canteen facilities, site office and a toilet attached to a foul sewer can also be found on the site within the compound. The welfare facilities that are provided include hot running water, heating facilities include heating food. During induction, all subcontractors, employees and visitors are repeatedly made aware of the presence of these welfare facilities and that of the canteen. The presence of an assigned person or first aider, along with fully stocked first aid kit can be easily located within the site office. Furthermore, a mobile phone will be available on site to summon an ambulance whenever needed. Details of local hospitals located nearby are stored in the site office too. Conclusion and Recommendations The project has been developed on the basis of best practices of project management. The multi-use stadium construction will be done in phases. During the preliminary stages, the detailed project has been prepared which includes communication management plan, risk management plan, etc. The project had also considered the role of resources who were involved in the project. Their roles and responsibilities were clearly defined. The success of the project will also be majorly dependent on the diligence and output of all the resources involved. The project will be completed in 5 years duration and will follow all measures of quality management. References Gulla, J. (2012, Feb). Seven Reasons IT Projects Fail. Retrieved from https://www.ibmsystemsmag.com: https://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/power/Systems-Management/Workload-Management/project_pitfalls/?page=2 Organizing for Project Management. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu: https://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/02_Organizing_for_Project_Management.html Duncan, W.R. (n.d) A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Available: https://www.unipi.gr/akad_tmhm/biom_dioik_tech/files/pmbok.pdf. Hamilton, G. (n.d.). Risk management and project management go hand in hand. Retrieved from https://www.cio.com.au: https://www.cio.com.au/article/385084/risk_management_project_management_go_hand_hand/ HubPages. (n.d.). Project Management Time Cost Estimation Techniques: An Overview. Retrieved from https://hubpages.com: https://hubpages.com/hub/Project-Management-Time-Cost-Estimation-Techniques-An-Overview PMI. (2010). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). USA. Schwalbe, K. (2013). INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT. Burgenson, A.L. Risk Assessment and Management, [Online], Available: HYPERLINK "https://www.asq509.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/id/26024" https://www.asq509.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/id/26024 . Institue, P. M., 2012. A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). 4th Ed. Lisa Dorian, C., 2011. Risk Management: Understanding Risk Mitigation. [Online] Available at: https://www.ica.bc.ca/ii/ii.php?catid=17 Minnesota, U., 2011. Work Breakdown Structure and Gantt Chart. [Online] Available at: https://www.me.umn.edu/courses/me4054/assignments/wbsgantt.html Omidvar, H. (2008) Project Budget cost management, [Online], Available: HYPERLINK "https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/OMB/Resources/Files/omb/pdfs/costestimation/presentation1.pdf" https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/OMB/Resources/Files/omb/pdfs/costestimation/presentation1.pdf . Pincemaille, C., 2008. Prince 2: a methodology of project management. [Online] Available at: https://www.pincemaille.net/rsc/swEng_PrincePaper.pdf Umich.edu (2002) ME450: Gantt Chart Handout, [Online], Available: HYPERLINK "https://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobden/me450_gantt_chart_handout.pdf" https://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobden/me450_gantt_chart_handout.pdf Vilarinho, S. V.-R., 2012. Risk Management Model In ITIL. [Online] Available at: https://dspace.ist.utl.pt/bitstream/2295/1108942/1/Dissertacao.pdf

To Kill A Mocking Bird By Lee Essays (778 words) -

To Kill A Mocking Bird By Lee Racial categories are created in the film To Kill A Mockingbird through a complex societal hierarchy founded in difference. Although all of Macon county lives in poverty, the town does not unite on the basis of this shared experience, but instead focuses on their differences, both real and imagined, to segregate themselves. The town operates under a general assumption that wealthier whites hold the most power and prestige, followed by poorer whites, while all blacks, regardless of financial station, are considered to be the lowest citizens. General depictions of black men and women in the film are of household servants and ignorant, docile farm workers. The only slight indication that there were any educated blacks in Macon comes from the appearance of the preacher at Tom Robinson's trial. Held on charges of raping and beating a poor, white woman, Mr. Robinson is portrayed as a meek and nearly helpless man. The fact that he can barely speak in his own defense, relays both the idea that black men were uneducated, as well as the idea that blacks were afraid to step over the boundaries of their society. Attics Finch, a kind and fair white lawyer, is the only person to speak up for Mr. Robinson. This demonstrates the idea that the lowly black man needs a benevolent white man to "save" him and direct his life along the right path. Black men and women in the film are unable to make their own decisions. Clearly, there were obvious lines drawn in Macon, delegating specific roles to the various groups of citizens. The dark pigment of Mr. Robinson's skin placed him on the bottom rung of society, forcing him into a subservient position. It is difficult to discern whether the film is attempting to garner sympathy for the oppressed black community, or reinforce stereotypes of ignorant and complacent black men and women. While the initial depictions of the black community center around the Finch's maid, Calpurnia, the respect with which the family treats her is far from the norm. Ranging from the callous indifference of several of the white law-enforcement officers, to the blatant racism of the group of country farmers, much meaning is assumed from difference. The racism of Macon seems to stem from the Southern history of slavery. Blacks continue to be classed as servants, and not equals, to the white townspeople. With no other opportunities available to them, the black workers attempt to make the most out of what they have. They are faced daily with the stigma attached to the color of their skin, a difference which assigns the entire black community an inferior status. Especially evident in the treatment of blacks by the poor, white farmers, is a desire for dominance over the blacks. Bob Ewel, the father of the victim, expresses his distaste by referring to black men as "boy," a term we have seen is weighted by heavy historical significance. This racism most likely stems from the substandard treatment these farmers receive from the wealthier population of Macon. In the blacks, the farmers are looking for a place to vent their own frustration and exert power over another group. The idea of ethnic identity as an illusion opened my eyes to the fallacy of a single identity for every group. Using only the basic elements of family life for example, it is clear to see that the Finch family is very different from the farming Cunningham family, despite the fact that they are both white. This illusion shows up again in the lumping together of all of the black men and women of Macon into a single category, at the expense of any individual identities. Even Tom Robinson, the man held on (false) charges of raping a white woman, is never developed as a character. The audience is left to imagine that he is "just" another poor, black farmer. I chose this film because of the use of difference as a foundation for social hierarchy. Throughout the film, there is much lumping of various ethnic groups. A group identity is favored over the individual identity, and all assumptions are based on the idea that each member of a group shares the same thoughts, values, and identity. Seeing the various episodes of the film through the eyes of the young narrator, Scout Finch, also offered a unique perspective to the film. The questioning eyes of a child are often as critical as any educated outsider looking in on Macon could be. Through this course I have

Free Essays on Inventory And Just In Time Management System

Inventory Management & Just-In-Time Management Systems Inventory Management and Just-in-Time Systems Background Strategically, purchasing management department must manage the overall supply chain efficiently and effectively. Reducing levels of stock in manufacturing is an internal and external matter (relationships with suppliers). Production demands and the management of supplies are linked strategically and operationally. International competition and lessons from Japanese practice have encouraged the adoption of just-in-time methods and quality management methods. Technological advances too have had an impact on inventory management. New mechanical and automated equipment has made stock movement more efficient with better use of warehousing controls. IT-based stock control systems with bar coding are integrated with other systems to give better control over order assembly, stock availability and monitoring. Essential Aspects of Just in Time Reduction and minimization of inventory in supply chains. Lessons have been learned from Japanese methods where substantial efficiencies are gained from frequent deliveries of small quantities to meet immediate demands. This compares with methods of stock control such as the calculation of economic order quantities, or usage, safety stocks, average stock, carrying costs, ordering costs. The application of Kanban - a "pull" system of production/materials control. An employee participation and involvement strategy involving the securing of commitment and changed work practices leading to elimination of waste. Kanban At Toyota, the production system used tickets/cards to control immediate material flows between a work station and another down-stream. The up-stream station (the server) receives tickets calls for small, fixed quantities from a down-stream user (the client). On sending the supplies, a production "kanban" is generated requesting the previous upstream server... Free Essays on Inventory And Just In Time Management System Free Essays on Inventory And Just In Time Management System Inventory Management & Just-In-Time Management Systems Inventory Management and Just-in-Time Systems Background Strategically, purchasing management department must manage the overall supply chain efficiently and effectively. Reducing levels of stock in manufacturing is an internal and external matter (relationships with suppliers). Production demands and the management of supplies are linked strategically and operationally. International competition and lessons from Japanese practice have encouraged the adoption of just-in-time methods and quality management methods. Technological advances too have had an impact on inventory management. New mechanical and automated equipment has made stock movement more efficient with better use of warehousing controls. IT-based stock control systems with bar coding are integrated with other systems to give better control over order assembly, stock availability and monitoring. Essential Aspects of Just in Time Reduction and minimization of inventory in supply chains. Lessons have been learned from Japanese methods where substantial efficiencies are gained from frequent deliveries of small quantities to meet immediate demands. This compares with methods of stock control such as the calculation of economic order quantities, or usage, safety stocks, average stock, carrying costs, ordering costs. The application of Kanban - a "pull" system of production/materials control. An employee participation and involvement strategy involving the securing of commitment and changed work practices leading to elimination of waste. Kanban At Toyota, the production system used tickets/cards to control immediate material flows between a work station and another down-stream. The up-stream station (the server) receives tickets calls for small, fixed quantities from a down-stream user (the client). On sending the supplies, a production "kanban" is generated requesting the previous upstream server...

Animal Cruelty and Circuses

Animal Cruelty and Circuses Most accusations of animal cruelty in circuses focus on the  elephants, but from an animal rights perspective, no animals should be forced to perform tricks in order to earn money for their human captors. Circuses and Animal Rights The animal rights position is that animals have a right to be free of human use and exploitation. In a vegan world, animals would interact with humans when and if they want to, not because they are chained to a stake or trapped in a cage. Animal rights is not about bigger cages or more humane training methods; its about not using or exploiting animals for food, clothing, or entertainment. Attention has focused on elephants because they are considered by many to be highly intelligent, are the largest circus animals, may be the most abused,  and arguably suffer more in captivity than smaller animals. However, animal rights is not about  ranking or quantifying suffering, because all sentient beings deserve to be free. Circuses and Animal Welfare The animal welfare position  is that humans have a right to use animals, but cannot harm animals gratuitously and must treat them humanely. What is considered humane varies greatly. Many animal welfare advocates consider fur, foie gras, and cosmetics testing  to be frivolous uses of animals, with too much animal suffering and not much benefit to humans. Some animal welfare advocates would say that eating meat is morally acceptable as long as the animals were raised and slaughtered humanely.   Regarding circuses, some animal welfare advocates would support keeping animals in circuses as long as training methods are not too cruel. Los Angeles recently banned the use of bullhooks, a sharp tool that is used as punishment in training elephants.  Many would support a ban on wild or exotic animals in circuses. Circus Cruelty Animals in circuses are often beaten, shocked,  kicked, or cruelly confined in order to train them to be obedient and do tricks. With elephants, the abuse begins when they are babies to break their spirits. All four of the baby elephants legs are chained or tied for up to 23 hours per day. While they are chained, they are beaten and shocked with electric prods. It can take up to six months before they learn that struggling is futile. The abuse continues into adulthood, and they are never free of the bullhooks that puncture their skin. Bloody wounds are covered with makeup to conceal them from the public. Some argue that elephants  must love performing because you cant bully such a large animal into doing tricks, but with the weapons at their disposal and years of physical abuse, elephant trainers can usually beat them into submission.  There are, however, tragic cases where the elephants rampaged and/or killed their tormentors, leading to the elephants being put down.   Elephants are not the only victims of abuse in circuses. According to Big Cat Rescue, lions and tigers also suffer at the hands of their trainers:  Often the cats are beaten, starved, and confined for long periods of time in order to get them to cooperate with what the trainers want.  And life on the road means that most of a cat’s life is spent in a circus wagon in the back of a semi-truck or in a crowded, stinking box car on a train or barge. An investigation of one circus by Animal Defenders International found that the dancing bears spend around 90% of their time shut in their cages inside a trailer. Their time outside these miserable prison cells generally averages just 10 minutes a day on weekdays and 20 minutes on weekends. ADIs video shows one bear desperately circling a small steel cage measuring about 31/2 feet wide, by 6ft deep and about 8ft high. The steel floor of this barren cage is covered in just a scattering of sawdust. With horses, dogs, and other domesticated animals, training and confinement may not be as torturous, but any time an animal is used commercially, the animals well-being is not the first priority.   Even if the circuses did not engage in cruel training or extreme confinement methods (zoos generally do not engage in cruel training or extreme confinement, but still violate the animals rights), animal rights advocates would oppose the use of animals in circuses because of breeding, buying selling and confining animals violates their rights. Circus Animals and the  Law Bolivia was the first country in the world to ban animals in circuses. China and Greece followed. The United Kingdom has banned the use of wild animals in circuses, but allows domesticated animals to be used. In the United States, the federal Traveling Exotic Animal Protection Act would ban the use of nonhuman primates, elephants, lions, tigers, and other species in circuses, but has not been passed yet. While no U.S. states have banned animals in circuses,  at least seventeen towns  have banned them. The welfare of the animals in circuses in the U.S. is governed by the Animal Welfare Act, which offers only the bare minimum of protection and does not prohibit the use of bullhooks or electric prods. Other laws, like the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act  protect certain animals, such as elephants and sea lions. A lawsuit against Ringling Brothers was dismissed based on a finding that  plaintiffs did not have standing; the court did not rule on the cruelty allegations. The Solution While some animal advocates want to regulate the use of animals in circuses, circuses with animals will never be considered completely cruelty-free. Also, some advocates believe that a ban on bullhooks just causes the practice to remain backstage and does little to help the animals.   The solution is to go vegan, boycott circuses with animals, and support animal-free circuses, such as Cirque du Soleil  and Cirque Dreams.

The Implementation of Total Quality Management in Libyan banking Essay

The Implementation of Total Quality Management in Libyan banking sector - Essay Example Continuous improvement is a key element which enables the organisation to meet customer requirements, but it can be achieved when all employees understand what and how they are supposed to do and in what direction. Hence it is the responsibility of the management team to generate opportunities for continuous improvement. Although many strategic management theorists agree that internal and external factors affect the way organisations are managed, but, there are times when some important factors remain unnoticed by contemporary TQM theorists and gurus. TQM philosophy shows that countries such as USA, Japan and the majority of countries in the European Union have already adopted TQM as a basic business management approach. However, this does not seem to be the case with many developing countries. Crosby (1979) proposed 14 steps for attaining quality improvement and his approach is more focused on quality. He says : "we all believe that the problem belongs to management, prevention is the way to get it and we are all impatient that everyone is not leaping into what we see as a sensible mature philosophy of doing things, . Deming (1986) says that quality should focus on the worker, since worker is also the internal customer and that his needs, which, is job satisfaction should be met. Improvement in quality cuts down costs and increases the profit margin of organisations. He also emphasises the importance of commitment and determination of management to improve quality and argues that employees cause only 20 percent of all the defects in an organisation. Juran (1995) too shares the opinion expressed by Deming, by saying that 80 percent of all quality defects are caused by factors which are directly under control of management. He is also emphasizing the fact that top management should remain involved and must try hard to eliminate

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example These can offer the employees a strong establishment for the aim of attaining a competitive edge (Enrensal, 2006, p.17). A career is termed as an individual’s occupation that deals with how an individual earns his or her living. Career management encompasses the process where people invest their resources for the aim of achieving career objectives (VonHippel et al, 2000, p.102). Career management is not a one day undertaking but rather a long-term process that is vital for the adaptation of the evolving demands of the 21st century’s economy. Various economic changes taking place in the economy tend to have a great impact on the income distributions and employment opportunities available in the world. During career management sessions, employees are trained on the adoption of suitable beliefs, attitudes, and values that fit in today’s job environment. Career advice given to individuals assists in changing their working behaviors as well as to help them in self dis covery in order to meet the needs of employers who are highly influenced by effects of globalization (Grey, 2002, p.445). Worldwide competition, technological change, and adjustments in consumer preferences have greatly impacted on the quality and the type of employment available thus necessitating the need for organizations to embark on career management practices. Career management therefore takes two forms; can either be conducted at an organizational level or at an individual level. In todays market settings competition and the cost economics presents a lot of insecurities in the job market. On the other hand competition and evolution industries are opening a surfeit of opportunities for the people to select from (Personal Career management, 2012). New job openings and associated threats results in the job market becoming extremely unpredictable. In this type of uncertain environment, it is eventually the role of an individual to make his or her own decisions on what to pursue f or the preferred career. The individual ambitions attached to the upcoming business developments are used to shape up the individual career options. An organization in this case can try and support the career aspirations of an individual; if at all the career is falling in line with the goals of the organization. Thus with the notion of careers in the contemporary world, an individual is required to adjust the way careers were viewed traditionally. A job is no longer a mere means of getting money but rather should be looked at as a means of acquiring knowledge. As much as the individual is working on meeting the objectives of the company, he or she is also making strengthening his or her skill for the aim career development (Alagse, 2012). Career management is termed as the initial responsibility of any individual. Pursuing of the preferred career by an individual is a long process where he endlessly gets to learn things pertaining to his personality, purpose, interests and abilitie s. It calls for rigor and much focus at each and every step of career management. This particular person must incessantly review his or her assignments and try to come up with alternative outlook of the job, which assists in enriching an individual’s experience. An interrupted relook at the current job and the organization that an individual is serving alongside the available opportunities in the outside world will enable an individual

Academia and Classroom Essay Example for Free

Academia and Classroom Essay Question 1 1. 1 Conflict The practice of recognizing and dealing with disputes in a rational, balanced and effective way. Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. † 1. 2 Decision- making Is the choice of the most suitable way of solving a problem or handling a situation . 1. 3 Communication Is a means by which the teacher and pupils’ different needs, feelings and attitudes are conveyed to each other in order to establish cooperation and achieve goals. 1. 4 Motivation Is the process by means of which motives are provided by, amongst others, a manager or situation in order to bring about certain actions and thus to achieve certain goals. 1. 5 Leadership Leadership consists of actions that help the group to complete its tasks successfully and maintain effective working relationships among its members. Leadership is a set of skills that anyone can acquire Question 2 2. 1. 1 AUTOCRATIC CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE When dealing with pupil behaviour the teacher will intervene and try to control the behaviour of the pupils. The teacher is mainly interested in the pupils completion of tasks and learning performance . Pupils participation in the classroom situation is limited to listening, working and doing. The following are some advantages of this approach: ? Some pupils may feel secure in this kind of situation. ? Because the teacher lays down fixed rules and procedures, pupils know what is expected of them and what they can expect in the classroom. The following are some disadvantages of this approach: ? The classroom atmosphere is characterised by competition, unwillingness to work together and poor discipline when pupils are left unsupervised. ? Creative thinking is suppressed. ? There is no cooperation. ? Pupils may develop a negative attitude towards the subject. 1 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 2. 1. 2 DEMOCRATIC CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE A democratic style of classroom management correlates with an interactive teaching style. This teaching style requires that teachers should have a sound knowledge of their subject and of human nature so that they can encourage their pupils to participate actively and meaningfully in teaching and learning activities. The control of pupil behaviour in the classroom is jointly controlled by the pupils and the teacher. As a management style it requires the teacher to maintain a balance between the task aspect and the human aspect of the classroom situation. Teaching and learning tasks are completed with the pupils willing cooperation and co responsibility which are the hallmarks of democratic classroom management. The following are some advantages: ? ? ? Pupils participate confidently in classroom activities. It encourages initiative and creativity. The classroom atmosphere is relaxed, yet productive. ? Pupils feel that they are involved in teaching activities. 2. 2 Five styles of conflict management ? Avoidance: avoiding conflict is a short-term solution because the conflict will not go away. Sometimes, however, avoidance could be a temporary measure to calm emotions. ? Giving in or accommodating: teachers who badly want the pupils to accept them use this style. With this style the real differences are underemphasized. Sometimes teachers have to give in to avoid hostility in the classroom and to ensure that the work can get done. ? Domination: teachers who want to impose their will on pupils use this style. In the long run this style is seldom effective, although teachers sometimes have to dominate. ? Compromise or settle: this style is marked by a search for compromises and settlement. The teacher will try to meet everyone halfway and to let the majority view prevail. Because a settlement might not satisfy everybody, the dissatisfaction could again cause conflict at a later stage. ? Integrate or collaborate: this style is also known as the problem-solving approach. The parties cooperate in order to find a satisfactory solution. 2. 3 A proper balance between the: task-oriented and the human relations aspects, required in every teaching-learning situation , enables teachers to create a teaching-learning situation with a positive atmosphere. Maintaining a balance between the structural (formal) and human relations (informal) aspects requires a holistic approach to classroom management. The combination and integration of these two dimensions represent the actual structure of the classroom situation, which includes all areas of the teachers management task. These studies revealed a clear correlation between classroom atmosphere and pupil performance of grade 9 and grade 10 pupils in 12 secondary schools in Ontario as follows: ? Classroom atmosphere has a significant influence on pupil performance. ? Although the personal and social characteristics of pupils are important factors in their school performance, classroom atmosphere is sometimes more important. ? The psychosocial and academic aspects of teaching are interrelated. 2 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2. 719493 ? Variables that relate directly to teaching-learning activities in the classroom have a special, unique influence on pupil performance. The following are the guidelines for teachers to cultivate positive attitudes in their pupils: ? Put the pupils in the centre. ? Respect pupils opinions and treat all pupils respectfully. ? Give pupils a group feeling. ? Help pupils to feel secure in school. ? Make sure that pupils understand their assignments. ? Realise that pupils are children, not adults.? Deal with individual behaviour problems in private interviews with the pupil rather than in front of the whole class. ? Involve pupils in decision making where appropriate. ? Do not label pupils. 3 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 2. 4 CLASSROOM POLICY 1. In all instances, civility and respect for classmates and the instructor are expected. 2. Book bags, briefcases, etc. are not allowed on your desk during class. They must remain on the floor near your chair. 3. You may not use cell phones in class. a. All ringers must be turned off. b. You may not text message, place or answer calls. c. All earphones, headphones, headsets or any other accessory for your cell phone may not be used in class – that means, out of sight and not on your head or in your ear. 4. You may not use any device (for example, IPod, MP3 player) to listen to or view music or other programming in class. 5. You will be asked to leave class if you disregard classroom policy. ATTENDANCE / WITHDRAWAL POLICY 1. Since the course is conducted in a seminar format, your attendance is mandatory. 2. You will sign the Attendance Signature sheet at the beginning of each class. 3. Your class participation points may be reduced from if you are late in class. 4. You may be withdrawn from COS 133 if you are absent from 20% of the class. LATE WORK 1. No late work will be accepted. MAKE-UP QUIZ POLICY 1. There are no quiz make-ups. No exemptions. GRADING POLICY 1. Your grade for COS 133 will be based on the points you accumulate for assignments, quizzes, and class participation. 2. Your grade for COS 133 is calculated as follows: Topic 1. Assignments 2. Quizzes 3. Classroom Participation Weight 30% 55% 15% 4 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 Topic Weight A 94 -100 1. Assignments 30% A- 90 93 2. Quizzes 55% B+ 87 89 3. Classroom Participation 15% B 84 86 B- 80 83 C+ 77 79 C 74 76 C- 70 73 D+ 67 69 D 64 66 D- 60 63 F 60 1. Assignments = 30 Points COS assignments consist of a variety of activities designed to promote a successful college experience at MCC. Your assignments will consist of reading textbook chapters and answering related exercise questions. In addition, you may be using your MCC student email to submit Web assignments. Assignments are due at the beginning of the class. However, you may submit your assignments before the due date. Distribution of points are as follows: 10 textbook assignments (3 points each) = 30 points 2. Quizzes = 55 Points Quizzes are based on your chapter reading assignments. o You may use your textbook to answer the questions. However, be well prepared for a very challenging quiz. o If you are late for class and miss the quiz, you will receive a zero for the quiz. Distribution of points is as follows: o 11 textbook quizzes (5 points each) = 55 points 3. Classroom Participation = 15 Points Classroom participation points are earned by behaviors that demonstrate o prompt attendance for class 3 o active listening o positive involvement in small group work o thoughtful contributions during whole class discussions o civility and respect for classmates and the instructor Distribution of points is as follows: o 1 point per week = 15 points o You cannot earn classroom participation points if you are absent. MCC REGULATIONS AND POLICIES Academic Honesty Policy In the academic process, it is assumed that intellectual honesty and integrity are basic responsibilities of any student. However, faculty members should accept their correlative 5 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 responsibility to regulate academic work and to conduct examination procedures in such a manner as not to invite violations of academic honesty. Such violations consist mainly of cheating and plagiarism. For more details regarding MCC’s Academic Honesty policy regarding definitions, disciplinary action, and procedure for appeal check the MCC Catalog and Student Handbook or MCC Website. Policy Statement on Sexual Harassment 1. Monroe Community College strives to recognize human dignity and therefore does not tolerate sexual harassment or any other type of harassment within or connected to this institution. 2. Sexual harassment is illegal and unfairly interferes with the opportunity for all persons, regardless of gender, to have a comfortable and productive education and work environment. 3. We are committed to taking all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment and to discipline those who do harass. Code of Conduct The following actions or conducts are prohibited. 1. The obstruction or disruption of any College function or activity, including the classroom instructional environment, administration of the parking program and service functions and activities. 2. The detention, physical abuse or intimidation of any person, or threat thereof, or any 4 conduct which threatens or endangers the health, safety, or welfare of any person on College-owned or operated property or at College-sponsored activities. 3. The use of obscene or abusive language or any other means of expression, language, or action which may reasonably be expected to provoke  or encourage physical violence by other persons. 4. The refusal to obey any reasonable or lawful request, order, or directive of a College public safety officer, a teacher, College administrator, or any other identified representative of the College. MCC LEARNING CENTERS 1. Monroe Community College has a number of Learning Centers at Brighton (for example, Accounting, Math, Psychology, Writing, the Electronic Learning Center, etc. ) and at Damon (for example, the Integrated Learning Center, Electronic Learning Center, etc. ). 2. Learning centers are staffed with instructional personnel and may be equipped with computers and software to assist students. 3. It is recommended that students use the Learning Centers to get additional help with concepts learned in the classroom and with their homework. SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES 1. Students with a documented learning difficulty should make an appointment with the Coordinator of Services for Students with Disabilities on the Brighton or Damon Campus to arrange for support services. 2. All deaf or hard of hearing students should contact the Counseling and Advising Center. 3. You must provide the instructor with appropriate documentation regarding accommodations within the first two weeks of class. EMERGENCY CLOSINGS 1. If the College is closed due to inclement weather or some other emergency, all Rochester area radio and television stations will be notified no later than 5:30 a. m. 2. In addition, the homepage on the MCC website (www. monroecc. edu) will display a message indicating the College is closed. 3. Please do not call the College to avoid overloading the telephone lines. 5 6 Student no : 43713009. EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 CLASS CANCELLATION To access a list of daily class cancellations, you may 1. Call the Public Safety Department (292-2066) at MCC, press 1 for a list of cancelled classes at Brighton and press 2 for a list of cancelled classes at Damon; 2. Go to the Internet, access MCC, go to the A-Z listing to C for Class Cancellations and see the list of cancellations; 3. Check your student email for a cancellation notice from your instructor 6 COURSE SYLLABUS AGREEMENT Detach and return this signed sheet to Professor Rodriguez. ______________________________________ M00______________________ Student’s Printed Name Student MCC College ID Number COS 133 Section Number: _________ Semester / Year: _____________ The Course Syllabus 1. The Course Syllabus (course information sheet) is a written legal covenant between you and your professor. 2. It clarifies the professor’s expectations and your responsibilities. Your professor expects you to meet deadlines for assignments, papers, projects and tests. 3. It is your responsibility to review the course syllabus and clarify any aspect of the syllabus. Therefore, read it carefully and ask questions you may have about its content. Check the appropriate box. I have read the course information sheet for COS 133 Introduction to College Studies. I understand my responsibilities for this course. I do not have any questions. I do not understand the requirements stated in the COS 133 Course Information Sheet. I will schedule an appointment to discuss my questions with my professor. List your questions for discussion here: ______________________________________ _____________________ Signature Date 7.

Terrorism Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why do people resort to such violent acts as bombing, assassinations, and hi-jacking? How do individuals and organizations justify these acts of terror? These acts can easily be labeled as terrorist actions. Terrorism is a growing international problem. In the recent years, new terrorist groups and organizations have been forming at an alarming rate. Governments have had little success in their attempts to resolve issues involving terrorism. One of the major problems in discussing terrorism is â€Å"establishing a generally accepted definition.† Terrorism can be described as, â€Å"the unlawful use of fear or force to achieve certain political, economical, or social aims.† By being so difficult to define, organizations like the United Nations have had great difficulty creating policies against terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A single individual, a certain group, or even governments may commit terrorist actions. Unlike criminals, most terrorists claim to be dedicated to higher causes. Repeated methods of terrorism involve threats, bombings, and the destruction of property, kidnapping, hostages, executions, and assassinations. There are many reasons that political groups attempt to bring radical change through terrorism. People are often frustrated with their position in society. Some feel persecuted or oppressed because or their race, or religion. Most often, terrorists are known for their dislike of the government. Groups that use terrorist act...

Key Components of a Successful Blog

After reading many articles on the web about successful blogging, the main components are fairly universal across the board. The main and possibly most important components would be to blog about something that you have a passion for. Yes, you can fake it for a little while, but eventually you will run out of ideas to write about on that topic, and your readers will lose interest. You must also be able to gain trust and become and authority among your blog following readers.Another crucial aspect is that you must strive to keep your blog different, and interesting. With as many options as there are across the web today, you must be able to capture your readers’ attention. Also, you must consistently post on your blog, allow response to comments, choose an appropriate template, and create a brief biography to give readers more access about who you are and perhaps why you choose to blog. Lastly, you would probably like your blog to be easy found through search engines and the li ke, so include some keywords in there that will allow for that.The most important components and the backbone of your entire blogging experience are to write about something that you are passionate about. One of the articles I read gave the analogy of someone from Hawaii writing about ice fishing, even though he or she may have never seen ice (3 Key). Readers can sense this, and will probably not still around long if they feel that the blogger is simply feeding them a bunch of garbage solely to get site hits.Also, you must stay committed to the topic that you decide to blog about, improve your knowledge on the topic, and consistently provide updates in order to hold your reader base. A second component that is also viably important is that you establish yourself as an authority figure on the blogging topic you choose. This can be accomplished several ways, one of which is to simply master your knowledge on the topic at hand, which was discussed in the previous chapter. This alone wi ll not necessarily establish you as an authority figure on the topic, although it will help.With a successful blog, you are going to want to target a specific audience, and adjust your writing styles appropriately to garner the maximum amount of interest in your blog. The next two components of your successful blog go almost hand in hand. Naturally, most bloggers are not looking to read thesis papers on the topics in question, but rather something different, and interesting. You can do this through a variety of ways; your blog can be humorous, thought provoking, or informative (5 Key).Long term, this is very necessary to developing a successful, popular blog. Another aspect that must be considered when trying to keep your blog interesting is the amount of times you post on your blog. It’s a very simple concept; very few readers are going to want to read the same thing over and over again. Bloggers enjoy reading about other peoples’ lives in an interesting, and captivat ing way. Consistently posting, and dedicating yourself to create and maintain an interesting and addictive blog is a major key in how successful your blog ultimately is.People in general enjoy interaction as well, which is why you want to provide, and encourage, constant feedback from your readers. According to the article titled 5 Key Components to Consider when Creating a Blog, you must remember that your blog is created as a social community, or at the very least, you want your readers to feel that way. The article elaborates on that topic in saying that without the option to comment on your blogs, you have taken away the â€Å"spirit† of the blogging experience.You will simply have a website that is just constantly updated, which will not hold the interest of your readers nearly as long as a friendly, interactive blogging community. With that being considered, the ability and easiness to comment will only get you so far with your blog. You must read over the responses to your article and reply in a timely manor. A reader’s comment can also give you more insight as to what content is most appealing to them and the direction that you’re your blog should follow.Additionally, you will want to entice you readers to comment by initiating a â€Å"Call to Action† of sorts (Attack). This simply is a way to encourage your reader to perhaps subscribe to you blog, or an open ended question to try and entice your readers to leave more comments. The structure of your blog also plays an important role in the ultimate success you will have. If you are creating a blog to try and improve an existing business, or perhaps help a start up business get moving, you would probably like to keep the page looking rather professional.On the other hand, if you are blogging out of the sheer enjoyment of the activity, you will probably want your page to reflect that. Create a fun, entertaining page that will capture your readers’ attention and reflects the mood of your writing. Blogging, as stated earlier, is a social community. Considering this fact, you will also want to include a brief bibliography about yourself. Perhaps why you started blogging, or any other interest you have besides the one that you are writing about in your blog.Doing this creates a more familiar atmosphere that your reader will want to follow and perhaps even comment on. According to the Enzine article, adding a picture to your bio will be helpful, unless you are currently in the witness protection program, which in that case, an Avator or something else along those lines will due. Even if you master all of the previously stated components of a blog, you create a captivating template, and are willing to put forth the time and effort in constantly updating the blog and reading readers’ comments; it could all be in vain.You will want to include keywords in your blogs that will allow it to be more easily available to search engines and the like becaus e, lets face it, if your blog cannot be easily found, how many people to you honestly believe are going to read it? As you can tell creating a blog can be a relatively easy and enjoyable experience. The components of successful blogs are almost universal regardless of which reference you consider.The main thing you must remember is to choose your topic wisely, and be able to expend a large amount of your time in developing, maintaining, and managing your successful blog. Keep all of these components in mind when creating your blog as they are viable to your success and keeping your readers enticed.Works Cited 1. Jacobson, Rich. â€Å"Attack of the Biller Blog. † Web log post. Http://soundbiteblog. com/tag/top-5-ingredients-of-a-successful-blog/. Web. 2. Park, Gyutae. â€Å"3 Key Components of a Successful Blog. † Web. 3. Philpott, TJ. â€Å"5 Key Components to consider when creating a Blog. † Web.

Existence of youth culture Essay

There is debate within the scientific community about whether or not youth culture exists. Some researchers argue that youth’s values and morals are not distinct from those of their parents, which means that youth culture is not a separate culture. Others note that we must be cautious about extrapolating a current effect to other periods of history. Just because we see the presence of what seems to be a youth culture today does not mean that this phenomenon extends to all generations of young people. Additionally, peer influence varies greatly between contexts and by sex, age, and social status, making a single â€Å"youth culture† difficult, if not impossible, to define. Others argue that there are definite elements of youth society that constitute culture, and that these elements differ from those of their parents’ culture. Janssen et al. have used the terror management theory (TMT) to argue for the existence of youth culture.[5] TMT is a psychological concept that hypothesizes that culture originates from an attempt to cope with the knowledge of their mortality. Society does this by adopting a worldview and developing self-esteem. Researchers test TMT by exposing people to reminders of their mortality. TMT is supported if being reminded of death causes people to cling more strongly to their worldview. Janssen et al. tested the following hypothesis: â€Å"If youth culture serves to help adolescents deal with problems of vulnerability and finiteness, then reminders of mortality should lead to increased allegiance to cultural practices and beliefs of the youth.† Their results supported their hypothesis and the results of previous studies, suggesting that youth culture is, in fact, a culture. Schwartz and Merten used the language of adolescents to argue for the presence of youth culture as distinct from the rest of society. Schwartz argued that high school students used their vocabulary to create meanings that are distinct to adolescents. Specifically, the adolescent status terminology (the words that adolescents use to describe hierarchical social statuses) contains qualities and attributes that are not present in adult  status judgments. According to Schwartz, this reflects a difference in social structures and the way that adults and teens experience social reality. This difference indicates cultural differences between adolescents and adults, which supports the presence of a separate youth culture.

African Iron Age - 1,000 Years of African Kingdoms

African Iron Age - 1,000 Years of African Kingdoms The African Iron Age is traditionally considered that period in Africa between the second century AD up to about 1000 AD  when iron smelting was practiced. In Africa, unlike the Europe and Asia, the Iron Age is not prefaced by a Bronze or Copper Age, but rather all the metals were brought together. The advantages of iron over stone are obviousiron is much more efficient at cutting trees or quarrying stone than stone tools. But iron smelting technology is a smelly, dangerous one. This brief essay covers Iron Age up to the end of the first millennium AD. Pre-Industrial Iron Ore Technology To work iron, one must extract the ore from the ground and break it into pieces, then heat the pieces to a temperature of at least 1100 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions. African Iron Age people built a cylindrical clay furnace and used charcoal and a hand-operated bellows to reach the level of heating for smelting. Once smelted, the metal was separated from its waste products or slag, and then brought to its shape by repeated hammering and heating, called forging. African Iron Age Lifeways From the 2nd century AD to about 1000 AD, the Chifumbaze spread iron throughout the largest portion of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. The Chifumbaze were farmers of squash, beans, sorghum and millet, and kept cattle, sheep, goats and chickens. They built hilltop settlements, at Bosutswe, large villages like Schroda  and large monumental sites like Great Zimbabwe. Gold, ivory, and glass bead working and trade was part of many of the societies. Many spoke a form of Bantu; many forms of geometric and schematic rock art are found throughout south and eastern Africa. African Iron Age Time Line 2nd millennium BC: West Asians invent iron smelting8th century BC: Phoenicians bring iron to North Africa (Lepcis Magna, Carthage)8th-7th century BC: First iron smelting in Ethiopia671 BC: Hyksos invasion of Egypt7th-6th century BC: First iron smelting in the Sudan (Meroe, Jebel Moya)5th century BC: First iron smelting in West Africa (Jenne-Jeno, Taruka)5th century BC: Iron using in eastern and southern Africa (Chifumbaze)4th century BC: Iron smelting in central Africa (Obobogo, Oveng, Tchissanga)3rd century BC: First iron smelting in Punic North Africa30 BC: Roman conquest of Egypt 1st century AD: Jewish revolt against Rome1st century AD: Establishment of Aksum1st century AD: Iron smelting in southern and eastern Africa (Buhaya, Urewe)2nd century AD: Heyday of Roman control of North Africa2nd century AD: Widespread iron smelting in southern and eastern Africa (Bosutswe, Toutswe, LydenbergAD 639: Arab invasion of Egypt9th century AD: Lost wax method bronze casting (Igbo Ukwu)8th cent ury AD; Kingdom of Ghana, Kumbi Selah, Tegdaoust, Jenne-Jeno African Iron Age cultures: Akan culture, Chifumbaze, Urewe African Iron Age issues: Sirikwa Holes, Inagina: Last House of Iron, Nok Art, Toutswe Tradition Sources David Phillipson. 2005. Iron-using peoples before 1000 AD. African Archaeology, 3rd edition. Cambridge Press: Cambridge.